A level History Notes
A-LEVEL
HISTORY
PAPER 1
AND
PAPER 3
BY MOHAMMAD ANWAR
Paper 1 starts from Page 2
Paper 3 starts from Page 64
1
PAPER 1
2
INDEX
CHAPTER
PAGE NUMBER
Nationalism
5
Imperialism
20
Russian Revolution
25
Totalitarianism
41
Miscellaneous
60
(Please take a look at these questions, which involve comparisons of issues related with multiple topics)
I would recommend that you use the following book for Paper 1 and Paper 3
“Mastering Modern World History” by Norman Lowe
3
4
NATIONALISM
Paper 1
5
Assess the impact of nationalism on the 1848–49 revolutions in Germany and Italy.
Examiners will expect answers that are reasonably balanced between Germany and Italy. 60:40 either way - probably in favor of Italy – can merit any. Most candidates are likely to see nationalism as synonymous with support for unification but high credit should be given to answers that are aware of the distinction.
Meaning of term nationalism
Good candidates realized that there were different forms of nationalism. For example, they noted that Italian nationalists included monarchists and republicans, centralists and federalists
Some might argue that anti-Austrian feeling was stronger in Italy than nationalism, which appealed to a minority. Some answers deserved credit when they pointed out the limited appeal of nationalism
Others, such as the Federalists, favored programmes that were hardly nationalistic but were policies to safeguard the rights of individual states. Here regionalism was more important than support for a larger united country
Mazzini struggled to win support for his cause. The Carbonari and Young Italy had limited support.
Risings in the1830s were put down easily. 1848 was the clearest sign of nationalism but evidence of unity was slight. Although rulers of some states conceded constitutions, they were back in control by the end of 1849.
Italy
Germany
6
Metternich was as active in Germany as he had been in Italy to secure order
HISTORY
PAPER 1
AND
PAPER 3
BY MOHAMMAD ANWAR
Paper 1 starts from Page 2
Paper 3 starts from Page 64
1
PAPER 1
2
INDEX
CHAPTER
PAGE NUMBER
Nationalism
5
Imperialism
20
Russian Revolution
25
Totalitarianism
41
Miscellaneous
60
(Please take a look at these questions, which involve comparisons of issues related with multiple topics)
I would recommend that you use the following book for Paper 1 and Paper 3
“Mastering Modern World History” by Norman Lowe
3
4
NATIONALISM
Paper 1
5
Assess the impact of nationalism on the 1848–49 revolutions in Germany and Italy.
Examiners will expect answers that are reasonably balanced between Germany and Italy. 60:40 either way - probably in favor of Italy – can merit any. Most candidates are likely to see nationalism as synonymous with support for unification but high credit should be given to answers that are aware of the distinction.
Meaning of term nationalism
Good candidates realized that there were different forms of nationalism. For example, they noted that Italian nationalists included monarchists and republicans, centralists and federalists
Some might argue that anti-Austrian feeling was stronger in Italy than nationalism, which appealed to a minority. Some answers deserved credit when they pointed out the limited appeal of nationalism
Others, such as the Federalists, favored programmes that were hardly nationalistic but were policies to safeguard the rights of individual states. Here regionalism was more important than support for a larger united country
Mazzini struggled to win support for his cause. The Carbonari and Young Italy had limited support.
Risings in the1830s were put down easily. 1848 was the clearest sign of nationalism but evidence of unity was slight. Although rulers of some states conceded constitutions, they were back in control by the end of 1849.
Italy
Germany
6
Metternich was as active in Germany as he had been in Italy to secure order
References: Economic changes, for example the Five Year Plans (1928–32, 1933–37 and 1938–42), saw an emphasis on industrial production