These chapters are the core of the book and its most original contribution. Chapter 4 treats Mawlay Isma'il's conscription of black Moroccans. This conscription, which began in the 1670s, was deeply controversial, in part because it often meant the enslavement of an established, non-slave Muslim population from within Morocco, and in part because it destabilized established relationships of clientage and servitude outside the royal circle. El Hamel deftly traces the debate regarding the legality of Mawlay Isma'il's actions, which brought the sultan into conflict with many of the country's leading religious scholars and in some cases ended with black non-enslaved populations escaping…
The different pathways used by an individual when moving “into the world” are always framed by the societal context in which they exist. These pathways provide opportunities for the protagonist to experience a wide variety of growth and change. The process of moving away from the past and entering a new world is a complex one that involves sacrifice, change and a sense of unknown. The protagonist can be both willing and forced to make their transition into the world, as can be both prevented and encouraged by the opportunities and pathways they are given. The novel, ‘The Story of Tom Brennan’, written by J.C Burke, and ‘The Door’, written by Miroslav Holub, explores the growth and changes that each protagonist must face in order to gain a new sense of knowledge, attitude and beliefs toward society.…
Often times a search for family history can lead to confusing twists and turns or shocking revelations. In the case of Richard Goree, the search for his family’s past led to a novel with much important knowledge for the rest of the world. Goree Island is a story revealing the importance of signares in economic success during the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade and colonial period in Africa. Elevating themselves to respected and revered statuses, these mulatto women were considered the grease that kept the European (particularly French) economic machines moving.…
An ideal society is one where people are all equal and free; however there are many societies where inequality exists. This is evident in the stories ‘The red spot’ by Rabia Raihane and ‘Life on the Edge’ by Rachida El-Charni from the collection of short stories titled Sardines and Oranges. These stories are set in post-colonial North Africa in Morocco and Tunisia respectively to intended read by the members of the authors’ society. In the red spot, the protagonist is forced to marry a distant relative by the choice of her mother. During the story, the author’s opinions of oppression and lack of freedom is revealed. In contrast to Life on the edge, the father punishes his family members for losing his sheep and how the mother gives birth to a child boy with only her children’s assistance. The author manipulates symbolism, actions and choice of diction to illustrate the oppression and the role of women, demonstrating the inequality within the North African society.…
Fernea entered El Nahra naïve to the culture. However, was an innocent bystander, she became indignant because of the reference of wearing the abayah, “ because she viewed the “abayah” as not being a part of her culture and did not have to wear it, “Why should I have to wear that ugly thing–it’s not my custom” (1965: 5). However, through her stay in the small Iraqi village, she gained cultural insight to be passed on about not only El Nahra, but to all foreign culture. As Elizabeth entered the Sheik’s village, she was viewed with a critical eye, “It seemed to me that many times the women were talking about me, and not in a particularly friendly manner” (1965: 70). The women of El Nahra could not understand why Elizabeth was not with her entire family, and why it was just her and her husband Bob: “Where is your mother? Kulthma asked. I told her she was in America far away, and when Selma repeated this in a better accent, the women clucked in sympathy. Poor girl, they said. Poor child. To be alone without any of one’s womenfolk was clearly the greatest disaster which could befall any girl” (1965:36). The women did not recognize her American lifestyle as accurate. This is not only ethnocentrism on the part of the El Nahran women because of their belief system that you are suppose to have your parents living with you or near you but American’s do not see this as a bad thing to live far from ones parents. Conversely, Elizabeth–BJ or Beeja, as…
The barriers which prevent acceptance are demonstrated in The Island widely through the differences of appearance. The islanders do not accept the protagonist’s dissimilarities and his ostracism is shown through the first double page. A small, vulnerable man stands naked and ultimately exposes his vulnerability and whose confused expression signifies disconnection to the environment. The simplistic art shows how lonely the stranger is and the emphasis on the white proposes emptiness. This is juxtaposed with the satirical image on the next page, giving a sense of caricature of robust, homogenous, judging, threatening men that expose their enormity and conformity in a primitive society. The irony of farming tools being used as weapons instead of taking care of the land shows how xenophobic these people are and highlights the individual’s helplessness and the strength the pursuers have massed against him due to the fact that he is different. Essentially, seeing the satirical and mocking contrast of the two images we are able to see that difference cannot be accepted into an ignorant, homogenous culture.…
The introduction to multicultural literature into the broad world of differing walks of life, the reader may be surprised by the similarities between the cultures as well as the differences. Cultures are as eclectic as we are as individuals, each with their own quirks, intricacies, and uniqueness that inspires individuality regarding how the vast differences between cultures correlate to our own. Upon deeper examination of multicultural literature, however; we are also given the privilege to walk the path of the individual from whose perspective we are privy to through the written word. As many have wished at one point or another to know and understand what a particular individual is thinking, through reading multicultural literature, the opportunity to have such an experience and glean copious amounts of information. From the subtlest detail to major political agendas to personality quirks derived from current or past social standards of that culture. Although differences in points of view can prohibit understanding upon first contact greater exposure to literature from various cultures, one can find relation within themselves. One can empathize and humanize the characters that ultimately open the door to greater understanding of how a culture operates as well as attain the ability to relate those experiences to one’s own.…
‘Looking For Alibrandi’ by Melina Marchetta leads the reader towards the theme of lost identity and the pursuit to find it. The protagonist, Josephine Alibrandi, displays the importance of self-acceptance through a riveting odyssey of belonging. Marchetta highlights the significance of relationships and the effect that they have towards the outcome of emancipation. The novel journeys the idea of cultural acceptance through a series of events that displays the impact of family enigmas.…
During this paper I will be reflecting on the main character as she is taking a journey. I will be letting you know things and people that she encountered throughout this path that she has taken and what is the meaning for this. I will also be looking into her past since this story is told by another person and not the main character we will see what the narrators has to give us about his person and they live.…
The struggle of individuals to belong and find their role in society has a significant impact upon their everyday lives. One’s cultural heritage and ideologies serve as a powerful obstacle preventing individuals from belonging and conforming to society. 10 Mary Street, Postcards and Memoirs of a Geisha collectively represent the struggle to belong as an evasive and difficult process that results in a loss of identity.…
Transitioning into a new world is a complex process which is defined by possibilities and difficulties. The novel “The story of Tom Brennan” by J.C Burke explores the transitional process into a new world as a catalyst for a beneficial change and the emotional barriers and resistance to change the protagonist Tom Brennan experiences. Comparably the film “Hurricane”, by Jewish Norman portrays the negative process of transitioning into a new paradigm. Furthermore the author Simon Armitage’s poem “Kid” exemplifies the beneficial aspects of transitioning into a new world as it may develop one’s skill set providing them with confidence and empowerment.…
The country that I chose for my country profile is Morocco. Morocco is a country in northwest Africa that is similar in size to our own state of California, it happens to be just a little bit larger. It is surrounded on the north side by the Mediterranean Sea and to the west of it is the Atlantic Ocean. Directly to the east is a similar in culture and language country named Algeria. Morocco is about 172,413 sq. miles and it made up of plain fertile land and mountains. The form of government that this country has is a constitutional monarchy with an elected parliament. Morocco became independent from French rule in 1956 and Hassan II became the first king under a constitution. In more recent history of Morocco, the Arab Springs protests…
In Rhys' novel, Wide Sargasso Sea, society leads Antoinette to a path of insanity as a result of her lack of identity in her childhood and marriage.…
Considered the most important mosque in Singapore Original one was build in 1826 by Sultan Hussain Shah, the first sultan of Singapore Current one was built in 1928 funded by donations from the Muslim community…
In the short story „The Outsider“ by Graeme Lay as well as in „The Red Sari“ by Apirana Taylor the author demonstrates the existence of things in life the main character, but also the reader might not be aware of. Possibly don‘t want to be aware of.…