A P Chapter 6 Notes
Chapter 6: Bones and Skeletal Tissue:
Bones: living tissues:
Highly vascular
Bone is not static throughout life
Remodeled throughout
Begins as cartilage and fibrous sheets
Cartilages of the Body:
Skeletal Cartilages is made of some variety of cartilage tissue molded to fit its body location and function.
Cartilage, which contains no nerves or blood vessels, is surrounded by a layer of dense irregular connective tissue is called the perichondrium
3 types of Cartilages:
Hyaline Cartilage: provide support with flexibility and resilience. (Most abundant)
Articular cartilages: which covers the ends of most bones at movable joints
Costal cartilages: which connect the ribs to the sternum
Respiratory cartilages: which form the skeleton of the larynx and reinforce other respiratory passageways
Nasal cartilages: which support the external nose
Elastic Cartilage: resemble hyaline cartilages, but they contain more stretchy elastic fibers and are better able to stand up to repeated bending.
External ear
Epiglottis
Fibrocartilage: highly compressible with great tensile strength. It consists of roughly parallel rows of chondrocytes alternating with thick collagen fibers.
Occur in sites that are subjected to both pressure and stretch.
Menisci of the knee
Intervertebral discs
Growth of Cartilages:
Flexible matrix of cartilage allows for mitosis
2 ways of growth:
Appositional growth: chondrocytes from perichondrium lay new matrix on external surface where other cartilage tissues exist.
Interstitial growth: Lacunae-bound chondrocytes divide and secrete new matrix, grow from within the structure.
Under certain conditions, during normal bone growth in youth and old age, cartilage can become calcified (hardened due to deposit of calcium salts).
Classification of Bones:
Divided into 2 groups:
Axial Skeleton: forms long axis of the body
Skull, vertebral column, rib cage
Appendicular Skeleton:
Pectoral girdle and upper limbs, pelvis and lower limbs
Classifying Bones by structures:
Bones: living tissues:
Highly vascular
Bone is not static throughout life
Remodeled throughout
Begins as cartilage and fibrous sheets
Cartilages of the Body:
Skeletal Cartilages is made of some variety of cartilage tissue molded to fit its body location and function.
Cartilage, which contains no nerves or blood vessels, is surrounded by a layer of dense irregular connective tissue is called the perichondrium
3 types of Cartilages:
Hyaline Cartilage: provide support with flexibility and resilience. (Most abundant)
Articular cartilages: which covers the ends of most bones at movable joints
Costal cartilages: which connect the ribs to the sternum
Respiratory cartilages: which form the skeleton of the larynx and reinforce other respiratory passageways
Nasal cartilages: which support the external nose
Elastic Cartilage: resemble hyaline cartilages, but they contain more stretchy elastic fibers and are better able to stand up to repeated bending.
External ear
Epiglottis
Fibrocartilage: highly compressible with great tensile strength. It consists of roughly parallel rows of chondrocytes alternating with thick collagen fibers.
Occur in sites that are subjected to both pressure and stretch.
Menisci of the knee
Intervertebral discs
Growth of Cartilages:
Flexible matrix of cartilage allows for mitosis
2 ways of growth:
Appositional growth: chondrocytes from perichondrium lay new matrix on external surface where other cartilage tissues exist.
Interstitial growth: Lacunae-bound chondrocytes divide and secrete new matrix, grow from within the structure.
Under certain conditions, during normal bone growth in youth and old age, cartilage can become calcified (hardened due to deposit of calcium salts).
Classification of Bones:
Divided into 2 groups:
Axial Skeleton: forms long axis of the body
Skull, vertebral column, rib cage
Appendicular Skeleton:
Pectoral girdle and upper limbs, pelvis and lower limbs
Classifying Bones by structures: