a & p chapter 7

Axial

head, neck, & trunkskeleton of the torso & skull

Appendicular

upper & lower limbsskeleton of the appendages

Long Bones

have long longitudinal axes and expanded endsEx. forearm, thigh bones,femur

Short Bones

somewhat cubelike, with their lengths and widths roughly equalEx. carpals(wrist), ankles

Flat Bones

platelike structures with broad surfacesEx. ribs, scapulae, some skull bones

Irregular Bones

have variety of shapes and are usually connected to several other bonesEx. vertebrae, many facial bones

Sesamoid Bones

small and nodular and are embedded within tendons adjacent to jointsEx. kneecap

Epiphysis

end of the boneProximal - end of the bone nearest the torso

Diaphysis

shaft of the long bone

Articular Cartilage

type of cartilage that fills the epiphysis

Periosteum

bone is enclosed by a tough, vascular covering of fibrous tissue

Compact Bone

tightly packed tissue that makes up the walls of the diaphysisLike Hersey's Milk Chocolate Bar

Spongy Bone

composes the epiphyses, has air pockets in itLike the Hersey's Air Delight

Trabeculae

interwoven beams in the spongy bone that makes the long bone seem less dense

Madullary Cavity

cavity inside the osteon where the marrow and blood vessals lie

Marrow

source of hematopoiesis (process of blood development)

Osteocyte

mature bone cell

Osteon

inner canal of the long bone

Intramembraneous Bones

in the embryonic stage, this holds the place for the bone to form

Osteoblasts

bone-forming cells through deposition of bony matrix

Endochondrial Bones

most of the bones in the body because they formed from hyaline cartilage shaped like future structures

Ossification

process of bone hardening

Epiphyseal Plate

growth plate

Osteoclasts

specialized bone forming cells after the extracellular matrix has been removed (resorption)

Bone Remodeling