A&P I, Ch , Study Guide
THE SCIENCES OF ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY CH 1 STUDY GUIDE
1.1 Anatomy and Physiology Compared
A. Anatomy: the science of body structures and the relationships among structures
B. Physiology: the study of body functions – how the body parts work
1.2 Anatomy and Physiology Integrated A. Anatomy and physiology initially may appear to be different sciences, but further reflection reveals that these two sciences are integrated, because form (anatomy) and function (physiology) are interrelated. B. Anatomists cannot gain a full appreciation of anatomic form without also understanding a structure’s function. C. Physiologists cannot fully appreciate body functions without learning the form of the structures involved.
1.3 The Body’s Levels of Organization A. Characteristics that Describe Living Things 1. Organization - the complex hierarchical structuring of the body. 2. Metabolism - the sum of all chemical reactions in the body. Metabolism is subsumed into two interrelated processes, anabolism and catabolism. a. Anabolism - biochemical joining of small molecules to make larger ones. b. Catabolism - biochemical break down of large molecules into smaller ones. 3. Growth - the enlargement in the size of an organism. 4. Development (differentiation) – the process whereby cells specialized for specific functioning 5. Responsiveness - the ability to sense and react to stimuli. 6. Regulation - the ability to maintain a constant internal environment in the face of a changing external environment. 7. Reproduction is a process that produces new cells for growth, maintenance and repair.
B. The View from Simplest to Most Complex
1.1 Anatomy and Physiology Compared
A. Anatomy: the science of body structures and the relationships among structures
B. Physiology: the study of body functions – how the body parts work
1.2 Anatomy and Physiology Integrated A. Anatomy and physiology initially may appear to be different sciences, but further reflection reveals that these two sciences are integrated, because form (anatomy) and function (physiology) are interrelated. B. Anatomists cannot gain a full appreciation of anatomic form without also understanding a structure’s function. C. Physiologists cannot fully appreciate body functions without learning the form of the structures involved.
1.3 The Body’s Levels of Organization A. Characteristics that Describe Living Things 1. Organization - the complex hierarchical structuring of the body. 2. Metabolism - the sum of all chemical reactions in the body. Metabolism is subsumed into two interrelated processes, anabolism and catabolism. a. Anabolism - biochemical joining of small molecules to make larger ones. b. Catabolism - biochemical break down of large molecules into smaller ones. 3. Growth - the enlargement in the size of an organism. 4. Development (differentiation) – the process whereby cells specialized for specific functioning 5. Responsiveness - the ability to sense and react to stimuli. 6. Regulation - the ability to maintain a constant internal environment in the face of a changing external environment. 7. Reproduction is a process that produces new cells for growth, maintenance and repair.
B. The View from Simplest to Most Complex