Biodiversity Notes

Quiz 8
Protostomes
Ecdysozoans: Arthropoda
Distinguishing morphological features:
1. Segmented bodies
2. Jointed exoskeletons
3. Hemocoel – body cavity
4. Hemolymph – blood
5. Reduced coelom
6. Paired, jointed appendages
7. Distinct head and trunk tagmata
Lineages
Myriapods
Insecta
Chelicerata
Crustaceans
Millipedes centipedes
Insects
Spider, horse shoe crabs, ticks, mites
Lobster, shrimp, crabs
Dioecious, short segments, separate sexes, internal fertilization, female eggs
Centi: 1 pair legs per segment, anterior most appendages for biting, carnivores use poison,
Milli: 2 pair per segment, detritivores,

1. 3 tagmata: head, thorax, abdomen
2. 3 pairs walking legs on ventral thorax
3. 1 or 2 pairs wings on dorsal thorax
4 sets of mouthparts: labrum, mandible, maxilla, labium
Dioecious, separate sexes
Anterior/posterior regions, lack antennae but eyes and 6 pairs of appendages, chelicerae – appendages – near mouth, no metamorphosis
Segmented body divided into cephalothorax, carapace – platelike section that covers & protects cephalothorax, branched appendages, 2 pair of attennae

Insect Ecosystem Services:
1. Eat other insects
2. Pollinate plants
3. Recycle nutrients
4. Form the heterotrophic base of many food chains

Deuterostomes
Echinoderms:
Synapamorphies: radial symmetry in adults, water vascular system, endoskeleton of Calcium Carbonate
Tube feet with podia
Podia Roles in Eating: pry apart bivalve shells, secrete mucus, and flick food to cilia

Lineages:
Crinoidea
Feather stars sea lilies
Sessile suspension feeders by arms, attached to substrate by a stalk, feather use arms to crawl, mouth directed upward with arms circling
Ophiuroidea
Brittle stars basket stars
5 or more long flexible arms in tiny disk, all types of feeding, tube feet lack suckers, move by lashing arm serpent like
Holothuroidea
Sea cucumbers
Sausage-shaped, suspension or deposit feeding using tentacles- modified tube feet around