As Rome declines, king Constantine had rolled over the eastern part of Italy and established in Constantine (modern day Istanbul)
The reason why he chose it was because it was very protected by mountains because its army was reduced and not able to defend itself very well.
Rome was eventually replaced by the city of Ravenna in Italy. Who is famous for being full of mosaics. Ravenna was capital of Italy for a shot time, because ODAVACAR and its German tribes came and conquered. The Germans intermarried with the Latin’s and roman ladies, and many of these tribes converted to Christianity.
The significant culture that survived from Rome was Christianity with the pope ruling the church. The monks preserved much of the literature of this time. Ultimately when the Turks descended, that was destroyed.
The Dark ages lasted until almost the 10th Century. And the only significant thing that happened during this time, is that people had venture to and from China (Mongolia) by foot and they brought back significant SILK, and introduced the world to the SARICULTURE. Italians are still very into SILKS.
The Byzantine Period
From the Middle East, certain armies came to Europe. Islamic conquers quite a lot of Europe, particularly Spain, and they left 2 important legacies of Architecture. The cities of CORDOVA (most macnicifent mosque) and GRANADA (OLHAMBRO palace, fountains, amazing plaster work). These Islamic tribes were destroyed by the Turks who also destroyed the art, literature etc. A FEUDAL society began. Each small society would either have a lord or a monarch. Many of these separate monarchies would develop throughout Europe. During this period the first CRUSADE was launched to JERUSALEM to regain the holly land and reassemble Christianity there. IT was eventually captured..
Upon the death of Constantine, Emperor Justinian replaced him. He was a very liberal man, not very ambitious. He wanted to restore the