Chapter 10 review

chapter 10
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________

1.

Antidiuretic hormone is released by:
A.anterior lobe of the pituitary
B.posterior lobe of the pituitary
C.hypothalamus
D.adrenal glands

2.

Excretion primarily rids the body of:
A.excess fuels
B.undigested food
C.minerals
D.substances that were involved in metabolism
E.All of the choices are correct.

3.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia:
A.is prostate cancer
B.involves enlargement of the prostate, affecting the urethra
C.must be treated with surgery
D.occurs in both men and women

4.

An increased amount of ADH leads to:
A.an increased amount of urine
B.a decreased amount of urine
C.no change in the amount of urine
D.kidney failure

5.

How do the urinary and reproductive tract come into direct contact?
A.In females the urethra joins with the vagina internally before exiting the body.
B.In males, semen and urine are transported through the urethra.
C.In females, the urethra empties directly into the uterus.
D.There is no direct contact between the urinary and reproductive tracts.

1

6.

Which substance is found in plasma but NOT in filtrate?
A.protein
B.urea
C.water
D.glucose

7.

Why does alcohol consumption increase urine production?
A.alcohol must be eliminated by excretion
B.alcohol inhibits ADH causing diuresis
C.alcohol increases the production of ANH causing diuresis
D.alcohol increases the collecting duct's permeability to water

8.

Where is the glomerular apparatus located?
A.at the region of contact between the afferent venule and the distal convoluted tubule
B.at the region of contact between the efferent arteriole and the distal convoluted tubule
C.at the region of contact between the afferent arteriole and the distal convoluted tubule
D.at the region of contact between the efferent venule and the distal convoluted tubule

9.

Tubular secretion occurs mostly in the:
A.glomerulus
B.afferent arteriole
C.distal convoluted tubule
D.collecting duct

10. When excess glucose is excreted in the urine, it is most likely due to:
A.eating too many sweets
B.kidney failure
C.more glucose in the filtrate than the transport proteins can handle
D.None of the choices are correct.

2

11. The loop of the nephron exhibits:
A.active release of sodium from the descending limb
B.active release of sodium from the ascending limb
C.passive release of potassium from the ascending limb
D.water release from the ascending limb
E.active transport of water
12. Antidiuretic hormone acts to maintain blood volume by:
A.increasing the permeability of the glomerulus
B.decreasing the permeability of the glomerulus
C.increasing the permeability of the collecting duct
D.decreasing the permeability of the collecting duct
13. Inflammation of the urethra is called:
A.urethritis
B.uritis
C.nephritis
D.urethroma
14. The end product of muscle metabolism is:
A.uric acid
B.carbon dioxide
C.ammonia
D.creatinine
15. Blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries is:
A.lower than in other capillary beds
B.higher than in other capillary beds
C.responsible for maintaining filtration
D.higher than in other capillary beds and is responsible for maintaining filtration

3

16. Which structure monitors blood pressure in the kidney?
A.juxtaglomerular apparatus
B.glomerular capsule
C.juxtanephritic apparatus
D.ascending tubule
E.renal pelvis
17. The kidneys secrete the hormone erythropoietin, which:
A.helps calcium absorption
B.stimulates red blood cell production
C.regulates pH of the blood
D.regulates osmolarity
18. Substances which increase urine production are known as:
A.laxatives
B.anti-inflammatories
C.anti-diuretics
D.diuretics
19. The composition of the glomerular filtrate may be best compared to the composition of:
A.blood
B.plasma
C.cytoplasm
D.urine
20. The tube that transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder is the:
A.urethra
B.ureter
C.collecting duct
D.proximal convoluted tubule

4

21. Which of the following is NOT one of the three steps (processes) involved in urine formation?
A.glomerular filtration
B.tubular reabsorption
C.countercurrent mechanism
D.tubular secretion
22. Concentrations of wastes, such as urea, are usually:
A.higher in urine than in plasma
B.higher in the filtrate than in urine
C.in trace amounts in urine but are high in blood
D.not in filtrate, but a trace is found in the urine
23. Which of the following signals the spinal cord to initiate urination?
A.The excretory center rhythmically signals the urinary bladder to contract.
B.Stretch sensors in the kidneys send signals to the spinal cord when it reaches a certain fullness.
C.Sensors in the glomeruli detect increased pressure in the kidneys due to urine.
D.Increased production of aldosterone signals the urinary bladder to contract.
E.Stretch sensors in the urinary bladder send signals to the spinal cord when it reaches a certain fullness.
24. Inflammation of the kidney is called:
A.urethritis
B.pyelonephritis
C.renalitis
D.cystitis
25. Urination is also called:
A.micturition
B.erythropoietin
C.tubular secretion
D.urethritis

5

26. Which of the following statements about the glomerulus is INCORRECT?
A.Blood pressure primarily accounts for filtration.
B.Small molecules move from the glomerular capsule into the glomerulus.
C.It is composed of capillaries.
D.It is connected to arterioles at both ends.
E.It is surrounded by the glomerular capsule.
27. Aldosterone is a hormone secreted by the:
A.posterior lobe of the pituitary
B.anterior lobe of the pituitary
C.hypothalamus
D.cortex of the adrenal gland
28. The process of elimination of soluble metabolic wastes is called:
A.defecation
B.excretion
C.secretion
D.metabolism
E.None of the choices are correct.
29. Which of the following is the stimulus for erythropoietin release:
A.acidic pH of body fluids
B.concentration of blood
C.decreased oxygen-carrying capacity in blood
D.increased blood pH
30. Which of the following events are in the correct chronological order?
A.angiotensinogen → angiotensin, renin is released, aldosterone is released, distal convoluted tubule is stimulated to reabsorb sodium ions
B.renin is released, angiotensinogen → angiotensin, aldosterone is released, distal convoluted tubule is stimulated to reabsorb sodium ions
C.aldosterone is released, renin is released, angiotensinogen → angiotensin
D.distal convoluted tubule is stimulated to reabsorb sodium ions, aldosterone is released, renin is released, angiotensinogen → angiotensin

6

31. Urea is a waste product in the metabolism of:
A.fats
B.glucose
C.minerals
D.proteins
E.vitamins
32. Which organ of excretion releases water, salt, and some urea and helps cool the body?
A.kidneys
B.liver
C.lungs
D.skin
33. Which of these is the CORRECT sequence of blood vessels about the kidney tubule?
A.renal artery, peritubular capillary, afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole, renal vein
B.efferent arteriole, glomerulus, venule, afferent arteriole, collecting duct
C.afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arteriole, peritubular capillary, venule, renal vein
D.efferent arteriole, glomerulus, afferent arteriole, venule, peritubular capillary, renal vein
34. Defecation is a function of the:
A.urinary system
B.excretory system
C.digestive system
35. The renal pyramids are contained within the:
A.renal medulla
B.renal pelvis
C.renal cortex
D.glomerular capsule
36. Concentrations of metabolically important substances such as glucose are usually:
A.high in glomerular filtrate, but only a trace is found in urine
B.low in glomerular filtrate but high in urine
C.high in glomerular filtrate and urine
D.low in both glomerular filtrate and urine

7

37. Which organ of excretion removes carbon dioxide and water from the body?
A.lungs
B.liver
C.kidneys
D.skin
38. The glomerular filtrate that collects in the cavity of the glomerular capsule is:
A.concentrated urine
B.similar to blood plasma minus blood proteins
C.used bile ready for excretion
D.glycogen and water
39. How is the high solute concentration of the inner renal medulla maintained?
A.Part of the collecting duct is permeable to urea allowing for its release into the medulla.
B.Ions released in the loop of the nephron keep solute concentrations high.
C.Ions released in the collecting duct keep solute concentrations high.
D.Urea released in the loop of the nephron keep solute concentration high.
E.Part of the collecting duct is permeable to sodium allowing for its release into the medulla.
40. Hemodialysis may be used to:
A.remove nitrogenous wastes from the blood
B.remove toxins from the blood
C.add bicarbonate ions to the blood
D.All of the choices are correct.
41. Which substance is NOT normally found in urine?
A.uric acid
B.urea
C.water
D.glucose

8

42. The glomerulus is:
A.a knot of capillaries inside the distal renal cortex
B.a knot of capillaries inside the proximal renal cortex
C.a knot of capillaries inside the glomerular capsule
D.a knot of capillaries inside the proximal convoluted tubule
E.a knot of capillaries inside the distal convoluted tubule
43. The loop of the nephron:
A.is necessary for glucose reabsorption
B.creates a low osmotic pressure in the medulla
C.creates a high osmotic pressure in the medulla
D.creates a low osmotic pressure in the cortex
E.creates a high osmotic pressure in the cortex
44. The collecting ducts:
A.are found within the renal medulla
B.transport urine
C.are not a part of the nephron
D.empty into the renal pelvis
E.All of the choices are correct.
45. Urea is a by-product of ____ metabolism.
A.lipid
B.glucose
C.vitamin and mineral
D.amino acids
46. The ureter connects with which portion of the kidney?
A.renal medulla
B.renal pelvis
C.renal cortex
D.pyramid

9

47. From where is antidiuretic hormone released?
A.posterior pituitary
B.adrenal cortex
C.juxtaglomerular apparatus
D.prostate
E.lungs
48. In the regulation of blood volume:
A.aldosterone decreases blood volume by reabsorbing potassium ions
B.ANH decreases blood volume by increasing excretion of sodium
C.aldosterone increases the reabsorption potassium thereby increasing blood volume
D.ANH decreases blood volume by decreasing the excretion of potassium
E.aldosterone and ANH work together to increase reabsorption of sodium and increase blood volume
49. Which of the following is NOT a nitrogenous waste product?
A.urea
B.uric acid
C.creatinine
D.bile pigments
50. Which mechanism used to form urine requires a high blood pressure?
A.glomerular filtration
B.tubular reabsorption
C.tubular secretion
D.phagocytosis
E.countercurrent mechanism

10

chapter 10 Key
1.

Antidiuretic hormone is released by:
a.
B
c.
d.

anterior lobe of the pituitary posterior lobe of the pituitary hypothalamus adrenal glands
Mader - 010 Chapter... #30

2.

Excretion primarily rids the body of:
a.
b.
c.
D
e.

excess fuels undigested food minerals substances that were involved in metabolism
All of the choices are correct.
Mader - 010 Chapter... #2

3.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia:
a.
B
c.
d.

is prostate cancer involves enlargement of the prostate, affecting the urethra must be treated with surgery occurs in both men and women
Mader - 010 Chapter... #71

4.

An increased amount of ADH leads to:
a.
B
c.
d.

an increased amount of urine a decreased amount of urine no change in the amount of urine kidney failure
Mader - 010 Chapter... #49

1

5.

How do the urinary and reproductive tract come into direct contact?
a.
B
c.
d.

In females the urethra joins with the vagina internally before exiting the body.
In males, semen and urine are transported through the urethra.
In females, the urethra empties directly into the uterus.
There is no direct contact between the urinary and reproductive tracts.
Mader - 010 Chapter... #11

6.

Which substance is found in plasma but NOT in filtrate?
A
b.
c.
d.

protein urea water glucose Mader - 010 Chapter... #43

7.

Why does alcohol consumption increase urine production?
a.
B
c.
d.

alcohol must be eliminated by excretion alcohol inhibits ADH causing diuresis alcohol increases the production of ANH causing diuresis alcohol increases the collecting duct's permeability to water
Mader - 010 Chapter... #29

8.

Where is the glomerular apparatus located?
a.
b.
C
d.

at the region of contact between the afferent venule and the distal convoluted tubule at the region of contact between the efferent arteriole and the distal convoluted tubule at the region of contact between the afferent arteriole and the distal convoluted tubule at the region of contact between the efferent venule and the distal convoluted tubule
Mader - 010 Chapter... #20

9.

Tubular secretion occurs mostly in the:
a.
b.
C
d.

glomerulus afferent arteriole distal convoluted tubule collecting duct
Mader - 010 Chapter... #40

2

10.

When excess glucose is excreted in the urine, it is most likely due to:
a.
b.
C
d.

eating too many sweets kidney failure more glucose in the filtrate than the transport proteins can handle
None of the choices are correct.
Mader - 010 Chapter... #58

11.

The loop of the nephron exhibits:
a.
B
c.
d.
e.

active release of sodium from the descending limb active release of sodium from the ascending limb passive release of potassium from the ascending limb water release from the ascending limb active transport of water
Mader - 010 Chapter... #48

12.

Antidiuretic hormone acts to maintain blood volume by:
a.
b.
C
d.

increasing the permeability of the glomerulus decreasing the permeability of the glomerulus increasing the permeability of the collecting duct decreasing the permeability of the collecting duct
Mader - 010 Chapter... #52

13.

Inflammation of the urethra is called:
A
b.
c.
d.

urethritis uritis nephritis urethroma Mader - 010 Chapter... #13

14.

The end product of muscle metabolism is:
a.
b.
c.
D

uric acid carbon dioxide ammonia creatinine
Mader - 010 Chapter... #36

3

15.

Blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries is:
a.
b.
c.
D

lower than in other capillary beds higher than in other capillary beds responsible for maintaining filtration higher than in other capillary beds and is responsible for maintaining filtration
Mader - 010 Chapter... #25

16.

Which structure monitors blood pressure in the kidney?
A
b.
c.
d.
e.

juxtaglomerular apparatus glomerular capsule juxtanephritic apparatus ascending tubule renal pelvis
Mader - 010 Chapter... #51

17.

The kidneys secrete the hormone erythropoietin, which:
a.
B
c.
d.

helps calcium absorption stimulates red blood cell production regulates pH of the blood regulates osmolarity
Mader - 010 Chapter... #17

18.

Substances which increase urine production are known as:
a.
b.
c.
D

laxatives anti-inflammatories anti-diuretics diuretics Mader - 010 Chapter... #31

19.

The composition of the glomerular filtrate may be best compared to the composition of:
a.
B
c.
d.

blood plasma cytoplasm urine Mader - 010 Chapter... #42

4

20.

The tube that transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder is the:
a.
B
c.
d.

urethra ureter collecting duct proximal convoluted tubule
Mader - 010 Chapter... #7

21.

Which of the following is NOT one of the three steps (processes) involved in urine formation?
a.
b.
C
d.

glomerular filtration tubular reabsorption countercurrent mechanism tubular secretion
Mader - 010 Chapter... #41

22.

Concentrations of wastes, such as urea, are usually:
A
b.
c.
d.

higher in urine than in plasma higher in the filtrate than in urine in trace amounts in urine but are high in blood not in filtrate, but a trace is found in the urine
Mader - 010 Chapter... #33

23.

Which of the following signals the spinal cord to initiate urination?
a.
b.
c.
d.
E

The excretory center rhythmically signals the urinary bladder to contract.
Stretch sensors in the kidneys send signals to the spinal cord when it reaches a certain fullness.
Sensors in the glomeruli detect increased pressure in the kidneys due to urine.
Increased production of aldosterone signals the urinary bladder to contract.
Stretch sensors in the urinary bladder send signals to the spinal cord when it reaches a certain fullness. Mader - 010 Chapter... #61

5

24.

Inflammation of the kidney is called:
a.
B
c.
d.

urethritis pyelonephritis renalitis cystitis Mader - 010 Chapter... #12

25.

Urination is also called:
A
b.
c.
d.

micturition erythropoietin tubular secretion urethritis Mader - 010 Chapter... #14

26.

Which of the following statements about the glomerulus is INCORRECT?
a.
B
c.
d.
e.

Blood pressure primarily accounts for filtration.
Small molecules move from the glomerular capsule into the glomerulus.
It is composed of capillaries.
It is connected to arterioles at both ends.
It is surrounded by the glomerular capsule.
Mader - 010 Chapter... #28

27.

Aldosterone is a hormone secreted by the:
a.
b.
c.
D

posterior lobe of the pituitary anterior lobe of the pituitary hypothalamus cortex of the adrenal gland
Mader - 010 Chapter... #38

6

28.

The process of elimination of soluble metabolic wastes is called:
a.
B
c.
d.
e.

defecation excretion secretion metabolism None of the choices are correct.
Mader - 010 Chapter... #1

29.

Which of the following is the stimulus for erythropoietin release:
a.
b.
C
d.

acidic pH of body fluids concentration of blood decreased oxygen-carrying capacity in blood increased blood pH
Mader - 010 Chapter... #18

30.

Which of the following events are in the correct chronological order?
a. angiotensinogen → angiotensin, renin is released, aldosterone is released, distal convoluted tubule is stimulated to reabsorb sodium ions
B renin is released, angiotensinogen → angiotensin, aldosterone is released, distal convoluted tubule is stimulated to reabsorb sodium ions
c. aldosterone is released, renin is released, angiotensinogen → angiotensin
d. distal convoluted tubule is stimulated to reabsorb sodium ions, aldosterone is released, renin is released, angiotensinogen → angiotensin
Mader - 010 Chapter... #64

31.

Urea is a waste product in the metabolism of:
a.
b.
c.
D
e.

fats glucose minerals proteins vitamins
Mader - 010 Chapter... #34

7

32.

Which organ of excretion releases water, salt, and some urea and helps cool the body?
a.
b.
c.
D

kidneys liver lungs skin Mader - 010 Chapter... #10

33.

Which of these is the CORRECT sequence of blood vessels about the kidney tubule?
a.
b.
C
d.

renal artery, peritubular capillary, afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole, renal vein efferent arteriole, glomerulus, venule, afferent arteriole, collecting duct afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arteriole, peritubular capillary, venule, renal vein efferent arteriole, glomerulus, afferent arteriole, venule, peritubular capillary, renal vein
Mader - 010 Chapter... #63

34.

Defecation is a function of the:
a. urinary system
b. excretory system
C digestive system
Mader - 010 Chapter... #4

35.

The renal pyramids are contained within the:
A
b.
c.
d.

renal medulla renal pelvis renal cortex glomerular capsule
Mader - 010 Chapter... #21

36.

Concentrations of metabolically important substances such as glucose are usually:
A
b.
c.
d.

high in glomerular filtrate, but only a trace is found in urine low in glomerular filtrate but high in urine high in glomerular filtrate and urine low in both glomerular filtrate and urine
Mader - 010 Chapter... #39

8

37.

Which organ of excretion removes carbon dioxide and water from the body?
A
b.
c.
d.

lungs liver kidneys skin Mader - 010 Chapter... #9

38.

The glomerular filtrate that collects in the cavity of the glomerular capsule is:
a.
B
c.
d.

concentrated urine similar to blood plasma minus blood proteins used bile ready for excretion glycogen and water
Mader - 010 Chapter... #27

39.

How is the high solute concentration of the inner renal medulla maintained?
A
b.
c.
d.
e.

Part of the collecting duct is permeable to urea allowing for its release into the medulla.
Ions released in the loop of the nephron keep solute concentrations high.
Ions released in the collecting duct keep solute concentrations high.
Urea released in the loop of the nephron keep solute concentration high.
Part of the collecting duct is permeable to sodium allowing for its release into the medulla.
Mader - 010 Chapter... #62

40.

Hemodialysis may be used to:
a.
b.
c.
D

remove nitrogenous wastes from the blood remove toxins from the blood add bicarbonate ions to the blood
All of the choices are correct.
Mader - 010 Chapter... #59

41.

Which substance is NOT normally found in urine?
a.
b.
c.
D

uric acid urea water glucose Mader - 010 Chapter... #37

9

42.

The glomerulus is:
a.
b.
C
d.
e.

a knot of capillaries inside the distal renal cortex a knot of capillaries inside the proximal renal cortex a knot of capillaries inside the glomerular capsule a knot of capillaries inside the proximal convoluted tubule a knot of capillaries inside the distal convoluted tubule
Mader - 010 Chapter... #66

43.

The loop of the nephron:
a.
b.
C
d.
e.

is necessary for glucose reabsorption creates a low osmotic pressure in the medulla creates a high osmotic pressure in the medulla creates a low osmotic pressure in the cortex creates a high osmotic pressure in the cortex
Mader - 010 Chapter... #47

44.

The collecting ducts:
a.
b.
c.
d.
E

are found within the renal medulla transport urine are not a part of the nephron empty into the renal pelvis
All of the choices are correct.
Mader - 010 Chapter... #22

45.

Urea is a by-product of ____ metabolism.
a.
b.
c.
D

lipid glucose vitamin and mineral amino acids
Mader - 010 Chapter... #67

10

46.

The ureter connects with which portion of the kidney?
a.
B
c.
d.

renal medulla renal pelvis renal cortex pyramid Mader - 010 Chapter... #8

47.

From where is antidiuretic hormone released?
A
b.
c.
d.
e.

posterior pituitary adrenal cortex juxtaglomerular apparatus prostate lungs
Mader - 010 Chapter... #53

48.

In the regulation of blood volume:
a.
B
c.
d.
e.

aldosterone decreases blood volume by reabsorbing potassium ions
ANH decreases blood volume by increasing excretion of sodium aldosterone increases the reabsorption potassium thereby increasing blood volume
ANH decreases blood volume by decreasing the excretion of potassium aldosterone and ANH work together to increase reabsorption of sodium and increase blood volume Mader - 010 Chapter... #60

49.

Which of the following is NOT a nitrogenous waste product?
a.
b.
c.
D

urea uric acid creatinine bile pigments
Mader - 010 Chapter... #32

11

50.

Which mechanism used to form urine requires a high blood pressure?
A
b.
c.
d.
e.

glomerular filtration tubular reabsorption tubular secretion phagocytosis countercurrent mechanism
Mader - 010 Chapter... #45

12

chapter 10 Summary
Category
Mader - 010 Chapter...

1

# of
Questions
50