Chemistry Project on Mixtures
TABLE OF CONTENTS
What is a Mixture?
What are the types of Mixtures?
Define:-solutions
-suspensions -colloids
(Draw and compare.)
Methods of separation
1. Filtration
2. Distillation (simple and fractional)
3. Paper chromatography
4. Solvent extraction
5. Separating funnel
6. Evaporation
7. Crystallization
8. Sublimation
Draw and explain each.
What is a mixture???
A mixture is a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically united and do not exist in fixed proportions to each other. Most natural substances are mixtures.
Types of mixtures
Solutions
Suspensions
Emulsions
Colloids
Definition of solutions, suspensions and colloids
Solutions
They are mixtures made by mixing solute and solvent. The solute is the substance that dissolves. The solvent is the substance that does the dissolving. Solutions are homogeneous and do not show the tynall effect. E.g. salt and water.
Suspensions
They are heterogeneous mixtures of a solid and a liquid in which the solid does not dissolve. Suspensions will settle when left undisturbed. Suspensions will show the tynall effect. E.g. sand and water
Colloids
They are mixtures with characteristics part way between solution and suspension. Colloids may appear homogeneous but are actually heterogeneous. It does not settle when left standing undisturbed for a period of time. Most colloids show the tynall effect. E.g. a headlight of a car shining through fog.
NB. Tynall effect refers to the refection of light as it comes into contact with small particles in a translucent medium.
Homogeneous mixtures have the same composition throughout the sample. The components of such mixtures cannot be seen under a powerful microscope. E.g. air, water, gasoline, brass etc…
Heterogeneous mixtures consist of two or more parts-which have different compositions. These mixtures
What is a Mixture?
What are the types of Mixtures?
Define:-solutions
-suspensions -colloids
(Draw and compare.)
Methods of separation
1. Filtration
2. Distillation (simple and fractional)
3. Paper chromatography
4. Solvent extraction
5. Separating funnel
6. Evaporation
7. Crystallization
8. Sublimation
Draw and explain each.
What is a mixture???
A mixture is a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically united and do not exist in fixed proportions to each other. Most natural substances are mixtures.
Types of mixtures
Solutions
Suspensions
Emulsions
Colloids
Definition of solutions, suspensions and colloids
Solutions
They are mixtures made by mixing solute and solvent. The solute is the substance that dissolves. The solvent is the substance that does the dissolving. Solutions are homogeneous and do not show the tynall effect. E.g. salt and water.
Suspensions
They are heterogeneous mixtures of a solid and a liquid in which the solid does not dissolve. Suspensions will settle when left undisturbed. Suspensions will show the tynall effect. E.g. sand and water
Colloids
They are mixtures with characteristics part way between solution and suspension. Colloids may appear homogeneous but are actually heterogeneous. It does not settle when left standing undisturbed for a period of time. Most colloids show the tynall effect. E.g. a headlight of a car shining through fog.
NB. Tynall effect refers to the refection of light as it comes into contact with small particles in a translucent medium.
Homogeneous mixtures have the same composition throughout the sample. The components of such mixtures cannot be seen under a powerful microscope. E.g. air, water, gasoline, brass etc…
Heterogeneous mixtures consist of two or more parts-which have different compositions. These mixtures