Drugs to treat cancer
DRUGS TO TREAT CANCERS & DRUGS TO TREAT NAUSEA AND VOMITING
OBJECTIVES
1. State the rationale for the use of antineoplastic agents in the treatment of cancer.
Antineoplastic agents (cell cycle specific or cell cycle nonspecific) target rapidly growing cells – malignant cells rapidly divide (uncontrolled growth) and are unable to repair DNA damage. Also used as adjuvant for post-excision of tumor to prevent recurrence of cancer. 2. Outline the phases of the cell division cycle.
G0 Phase: cells are dormant or latent
G1 Phase: cells increase in size and synthesize RNA and proteins for DNA synthesis
S Phase: formation of RNA, proteins, and enzymes necessary for DNA synthesis
G2 Phase: more RNA and protein synthesis occurs in preparation for mitosis
Mitosis: cell division (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis)
3. Define cell cycle-specific, cell cycle-nonspecific, mitosis, generation time, growth fraction, nadir, first order kinetics, extravasation, vesicant, irritant, palliative, emetogenic, alopecia, and hazardous drug.
Cell cycle specific – chemotherapeutic drugs that are most effective during a particular phase of the cycle
Cell cycle nonspecific – chemotherapeutic drugs that act independently of a specific cell cycle
Mitosis – cell division, which consists of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase (and cytokinesis); 5th phase of cell cycle
Generation time – time needed to complete the cell cycle; varies w/ each type of cell; tumors w/ short generation time/rapid mitotic rate are most sensitive to antineoplastic agents/chemotherapy agents
Growth Fraction – fraction of tumor’s cell population that is in any active phase of the cell cycle
Nadir – period during which the maximum cytotoxic effect of the drug is exerted on the bone marrow, causing the lowest blood cell count; the WBC nadir occurs w/i 10-14 days after the drug is given, and recovery is w/i 21 days
First order kinetics – principle that the number of tumor cells
OBJECTIVES
1. State the rationale for the use of antineoplastic agents in the treatment of cancer.
Antineoplastic agents (cell cycle specific or cell cycle nonspecific) target rapidly growing cells – malignant cells rapidly divide (uncontrolled growth) and are unable to repair DNA damage. Also used as adjuvant for post-excision of tumor to prevent recurrence of cancer. 2. Outline the phases of the cell division cycle.
G0 Phase: cells are dormant or latent
G1 Phase: cells increase in size and synthesize RNA and proteins for DNA synthesis
S Phase: formation of RNA, proteins, and enzymes necessary for DNA synthesis
G2 Phase: more RNA and protein synthesis occurs in preparation for mitosis
Mitosis: cell division (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis)
3. Define cell cycle-specific, cell cycle-nonspecific, mitosis, generation time, growth fraction, nadir, first order kinetics, extravasation, vesicant, irritant, palliative, emetogenic, alopecia, and hazardous drug.
Cell cycle specific – chemotherapeutic drugs that are most effective during a particular phase of the cycle
Cell cycle nonspecific – chemotherapeutic drugs that act independently of a specific cell cycle
Mitosis – cell division, which consists of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase (and cytokinesis); 5th phase of cell cycle
Generation time – time needed to complete the cell cycle; varies w/ each type of cell; tumors w/ short generation time/rapid mitotic rate are most sensitive to antineoplastic agents/chemotherapy agents
Growth Fraction – fraction of tumor’s cell population that is in any active phase of the cell cycle
Nadir – period during which the maximum cytotoxic effect of the drug is exerted on the bone marrow, causing the lowest blood cell count; the WBC nadir occurs w/i 10-14 days after the drug is given, and recovery is w/i 21 days
First order kinetics – principle that the number of tumor cells