Preview

E-learning in Iran as a developing Country: Challenges Ahead and Possible Solutions

Powerful Essays
Open Document
Open Document
4559 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
E-learning in Iran as a developing Country: Challenges Ahead and Possible Solutions
ISSN 2278-7690
E-learning in Iran as a developing Country: Challenges Ahead and
Possible Solutions
Mas`oud Mahmoodi-Shahrebabaki, Massoud Yaghoubi-Notash (PhD)
University of Teheran, Faculty of Foreign Languages and Literatures, Teheran, Iran

masoud.mahmoodi@outlook.com
University of Tabriz, English Department, Faculty of Persian Literature & Foreign Languages, Tabriz, Iran

masoud.yaghoubi@gmail.com
Abstract
E-learning has lately grown into a proliferating area because of its good potentials for instructional and assessment purposes. Context of instruction where e-learning is commissioned can bear implications for the scope and instances of application. The present study addresses the major challenges faced in this respect by Iranian practitioners and also offer some practical solutions to these challenges. As a descriptive study in nature, the data population comprised 350 Iranian citizens from various social, economical and educational backgrounds aged between 16 and 53 who were asked to prioritize six major challenges Iranian people face regarding the e-learning arena on a standardized Likert-type scale. The challenges were selected from among those earlier cited in the related literature. Six major challenges to be prioritized were: lack of government support, lack of public awareness, high costs of e-learning, collectivist society of Iran, low-speed internet, internal filtering and external sanctions. The results indicated that lack of public awareness, lack of government support and collectivist society of Iran were chosen by the participants as the main hurdles in the path of e-learning development in Iran, respectively. Further solutions and implications of the study are discussed in the study.

Indexing terms/Key words:
E-learning, Challenges in E-learning, E-learning in Iran

Academic Discipline and Sub-Disciplines
Education, educational technology

Subject Classification
E-learning

Council for Innovative Research
Peer Review Research Publishing System



References: Adrich, C. 2004. Simulations and the Future of Learning. San Francisco: Pfeiffer. Albirini, A. 2006. Teachers‟ attitudes toward information and communication technologies: the case of Syrian EFL teachers Andersson, A. and Gronlund, A. 2009. A conceptual framework for e-learning in developing countries: A critical review of research challenges Arsham, H. 2002. Impact of the internet on learning and teaching, Journal of the United States Distance Learning Education Arsham, H. 2010. Interactive education: impact of the Internet on learning and teaching. Retrieved October 2013 from http://home.ubalt.edu/ntsbarsh/interactive.htm Bates, A. 2005.Technology, e-learning and distance education. London. Rutledge. Claudia, M., Steil, A., and Todesco, J. 2004. Factors influencing the adoption of the internet as a teaching tool at foreign language schools De Marsico, M., Sterbini, A., and Temperini, M. 2013. A Strategy to join adaptive and reputation-based socialcollaborative e-learning, through the zone of proximal development. International Journal of Distance Education Technologies (IJDET) Garrison, D.R. 1997. Self-directed learning: toward a comprehensive model. Adult Education Quarterly, 48,1618. 10. Granger, C. A., Morbey, M. L., Lotherington, H., Owston, R. D., and Wideman, H. H. 2002. Factors contributing to teachers‟ successful implementation of IT 11. Henry, M. and Abala, A. 2009. E-learning research methods and approaches. Proceedings of the 1st Kuwait Conference on E-Services and E-Systems, Nov 14. Hunt, L.C., Jr. 1997. The Effect of Self-Selection, Interest, and Motivation upon frustrational levels 16. Kousha, K. 2004. Iran 's national ICT education plan: an overview of the possibilities, problems and the programs. 17. Knowles, M. S. 1975. Self-directed learning: a guide for learners and teachers, Prentice Hall. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey. 18. Laurillard, D. 1995. Multimedia and the changing experience of the learner. British Journal of Educational Technology 19. Liaw, S. S. 2002. An Internet survey for perceptions of computer and World Wide Web: relationship, prediction, and difference 20. Liaw, S. S. (2004). Considerations for developing constructivist Web-based learning. International Journal of Instructional Media 21. Lubis, M.A., S.R. Ariffin, T.A. Muhamad, M.S. Ibrahim andI.S. Wekke. 2009. The integration of ICT in the teaching and learning processes: A study on smart school of Malaysia 22. Muir-Herzig, R. G. 2004. Technology and its impact in the classroom. Computers and Education. 42, 111–131. 794 | P a g e July 25, 2014 25. Rabiee, A. Nazarian, Z. Gharibshaeian, R. 2013. An Explanation for Internet Use Obstacles Concerning Elearning in Iran. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning 14, 361-377. 26. Rosenberg, M. 2001. E-Learning: Strategies for Delivering Knowledge in the Digital Age. New York: McGraw-Hill. 27. Rossett, A. and Sheldon, K. 2001. Beyond The Podium: Delivering Training and Performance to aDigital World.San Francisco: Jossey-Bass/Pfeiffer. 28. Rudenstam, O., A. 2012. Individualism vs. collectivism. Retrieved 2014, January 29, from https://blogs.law.harvard.edu/orudenstam/2012/10/05/individualism-vs-collectivism/ 29. Saba, and Shearer, R. 1994. Verifying key theoretical concepts in a dynamic model of distance education. The American Journal of Distance Education 30. Tabatabaei, M. 2010. Evolution of distance education in Iran, Procedia, 2, 1043–1047. 31. Tavangarian D., Leypold M., Nölting K., Röser M., 2004. Is e-learning the Solution for Individual Learning? Journal of e-learning, 2, 273-280. 32. Umrani-Khan, F. and Iyer, S. 2009. ELAM: A model foracceptance and use of e-learning by teachers andstudents 33. Wang, Y. S. 2003. Assessment of learner satisfaction with asynchronous electronic learning systems. Information andManagement, 41, 75–86. 34. Yaghoubi, J. Malek Mohammadi, I. Attaran, M. Iravani, and Gheidi, H. 2008. Virtual students‟ perception of elearning in Iran. The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology,7 , 159-173. 35. Passerini, K., and Granger, M. J. 2000. A development model for distance learning using the Internet. Computers and Education

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Powerful Essays

    Hrm 420 Final

    • 3370 Words
    • 14 Pages

    The eLearning Guild (2002). The e-Learning Development Time Ratio Survey. Retrieved January 15, 2013 from…

    • 3370 Words
    • 14 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    WZT 1 Task 2

    • 1988 Words
    • 7 Pages

    References: Bernard, Michael S, Hunter, Kathleen F, Moore, Katherine N. (2012). A Review of Strategies to…

    • 1988 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    The third article by Alaa Sadik focused on the Reality of Web-Based Interaction in an Egyptian Distance Education Course (2008). Sadik focused on instruction and tools to provide improved interaction of students in an asynchronous learning environment.…

    • 2522 Words
    • 11 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    Read Only Participants

    • 750 Words
    • 3 Pages

    References: Bernard, R. M., Brauer, A., Abrami, P. C., & Surkes, M. (2004). The development of a questionnaire for predicting online learning achievement. Distance Education, 25(1), 31-47.…

    • 750 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    One important question in e-learning is regarding why it is not always liked by people. Why are individuals reluctant to participate in e-learning sessions and why do they not like them? These questions, although not applicable to all the students, apply to many (Juutinen and Saariluoma 2006). Nevertheless, it is a real problem for the future development of this mode of teaching. If a large segment of people do not like e-learning, it easily slows down the development of the field and causes divisions between people who will and can benefit from e-learning courses, and people who cannot. Thinking about the future, the mental obstacles for participating in e-learning easily result in losing important opportunities in advancing one's personal…

    • 1255 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Keegan, D. (1988). Problems in defining the field of distance education. The American Journal of Distance Education, 2 (2), 4-11.…

    • 12295 Words
    • 50 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    Wang, G, Foucar-Szocki, D & Griffen, O., O’Connor, C. and Sceiford, E.(2003) Departure, Abandonment, and Dropout of E-learning: Dilemma and Solutions James Madison University, Retrieved from http://www.masie.com/researchgrants/2003/JMU_Final_Report.pdf…

    • 969 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    E-Learning Prototype

    • 2384 Words
    • 10 Pages

    E-learning and distance learning are not the same concept although they are quite similar. The basic thing that distinguishes distance education is the physical separation of the student from the instructor and the class room. E-learning, however, became part of the classroom environment from the beginning. The early use of computers was geared to help the classroom instructor. Gradually, as more and more personal computers became available, the ideas of online classes were explored by some pioneering Colleges and Universities. The early attempts of distance education were hampered by resistance from traditionalist within the education field.…

    • 2384 Words
    • 10 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    The past decade has witnessed the rapid growth in the use of internet among all societies of world and with the growth in internet many new inventions and innovations has come. One such innovation in the field of education is E-Learning. This study tries to display the benefits of various contemplates by directing an evaluation of literary works good to go on the web. It exchanges ideas about some of the method of successfully assessing, planning and administering E-Learning systems and would like to precisely conceive what the future may keep for the infrastructure of web-based instruction. We in this article have tried to explore various facets of e-Learning systems and their effects on students and their learning habits. This study clearly defines the conceptual framework of E-learning, its perception and acceptance among the students, the participation of the students, teachers and researchers in creating a global system of E-Learning, Role of E-Tutors and finally exploring new inventions and innovation of ELearning. We then tested these concepts in the Pakistani Society to gage the response regarding its acceptability. Keywords: E-Learning, E-Tutor, Open Content, M-Learning.…

    • 5230 Words
    • 21 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Best Essays

    Fundamentals of E-Learning

    • 1201 Words
    • 5 Pages

    Nagy, A. (2005). The Impact of E-Learning, in: Bruck, P.A.; Buchholz, A.; Karssen, Z.; Zerfass, A. (Eds). E-Content: Technologies and Perspectives for the European Market. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp.79-96…

    • 1201 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Best Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    methodology

    • 551 Words
    • 3 Pages

    The purpose of this chapter are to describe research design, provide the population we need to consider, the sampling techniques to be implemented and explain the research instrument and statistical treatment.…

    • 551 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Surfing the Internet is one of the favorite leisure activities in many Middle East countries where a young generation of digitally competent users has been established. Young people have a good chance of participating in online discussion forums, which encourages fruitful exchange of ideas Young Internet users learn how to democratize their ideas, responding to diverse opinions with respect and tolerance. Young Internet users in the Middle East become innovative and technologically advanced. The Internet satisfies their need for openness. Like young people all over the world, they enjoy personalizing.…

    • 589 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Cloud

    • 2849 Words
    • 12 Pages

    Irwin T.J.Brown, 2002. Individual and Technological Factors Affecting Perceived Ease of Use of Web-based Learning Technologies in a Developing Country. The Electronic Journal on Information Systems in Developing Countries 9,5,1-15.…

    • 2849 Words
    • 12 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Energy Crisis in Pakistan

    • 4653 Words
    • 19 Pages

    This study is exploratory in nature. We have done our best to conclude and sketch up some recommendations in the light of identified hurdles in the way of implementing the appropriate solution to our problem.…

    • 4653 Words
    • 19 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Better Essays

    As we all knew, Information Technology has been well-developed for years. Nowadays, lots of youngsters would study online via the Internet, such as finding academic materials for doing project, submitting assignments to the online learning environment of their schools and so forth; therefore, people started to think what features of information technology can facilitate with education and learning. In particular, people would call this kind of learning as “e-learning”. According to D. R. Garrison (2011)1, e-learning is “formally defined as electronically mediated asynchronous and synchronous communication for the purpose of constructing and confirming knowledge.” The foundation of this technology is the Internet associating with communication technologies. So how would e-learning affect our education and learning? My ideas are as follows.…

    • 928 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Better Essays