Genetics 240 Study Guide Answers
Biology 240. Spring 2014. Exam 3.
Chapter 9. Proteins and Their Synthesis Four levels of protein structure (page 313)
Primary: linear sequence of amino acids in polypeptide chain
Secondary: local regions of polypeptide chain fold into specific shapes (shapes arise from the bonding forces between amino acids close in proximity of linear sequence
Tertiary: folding of the secondary structure
Quaternary: protein composed of two or more separate folded polypeptides (subunits) joined by weak bonds; can also be different types of polypeptides making a homodimer (Hemoglobin is an example of this).
Understand how Crick et al., used insertion and deletion to shift reading frames and determined that genetic code consists of three successive nucleotides.
Using mutational analysis; normally the rII locus of phage T4 can lyse both E. coli K12 and E. coli B, but using proflavin to generate frameshift mutations produced a mutant of phage T4 which could only lyse E. coli B, not E. coli K12. showed that it took three duplications or deletions to restore a reading frame à genetic code consists of three successive nucleotides (triplet)
Be able to use the genetic code to translate mRNA to peptides.
Be able to use codon chart to produce amino acids Codon and anticodon
Codon: nucleotide triplet of mRNA
Anticodon: nucleotide triplet of tRNA Structure and function of transfer RNA
Cloverleaf shape consisting of four double-helical stems and three single stranded loops. The middle loop is the anticodon loop b/c it carries the anticodon nucleotide that pairs with the mRNA codon. Amino acids are attached to tRNA by enzymes called aminoacyl-tRNA synthases. The tRNA with amino acids attached is deemed “charged”. rRNA and its function
Component that makes up a ribosome; binds with proteins to produce a binding site for tRNA for protein synthesis Ribosome and its function
Positions the mRNA and the tRNA within the ribosome so the codon and anticodon can interact with
Chapter 9. Proteins and Their Synthesis Four levels of protein structure (page 313)
Primary: linear sequence of amino acids in polypeptide chain
Secondary: local regions of polypeptide chain fold into specific shapes (shapes arise from the bonding forces between amino acids close in proximity of linear sequence
Tertiary: folding of the secondary structure
Quaternary: protein composed of two or more separate folded polypeptides (subunits) joined by weak bonds; can also be different types of polypeptides making a homodimer (Hemoglobin is an example of this).
Understand how Crick et al., used insertion and deletion to shift reading frames and determined that genetic code consists of three successive nucleotides.
Using mutational analysis; normally the rII locus of phage T4 can lyse both E. coli K12 and E. coli B, but using proflavin to generate frameshift mutations produced a mutant of phage T4 which could only lyse E. coli B, not E. coli K12. showed that it took three duplications or deletions to restore a reading frame à genetic code consists of three successive nucleotides (triplet)
Be able to use the genetic code to translate mRNA to peptides.
Be able to use codon chart to produce amino acids Codon and anticodon
Codon: nucleotide triplet of mRNA
Anticodon: nucleotide triplet of tRNA Structure and function of transfer RNA
Cloverleaf shape consisting of four double-helical stems and three single stranded loops. The middle loop is the anticodon loop b/c it carries the anticodon nucleotide that pairs with the mRNA codon. Amino acids are attached to tRNA by enzymes called aminoacyl-tRNA synthases. The tRNA with amino acids attached is deemed “charged”. rRNA and its function
Component that makes up a ribosome; binds with proteins to produce a binding site for tRNA for protein synthesis Ribosome and its function
Positions the mRNA and the tRNA within the ribosome so the codon and anticodon can interact with