H. World History Ch. 16 Outline

Ch. 16 Outline
XVI Revolution and Change in England
A) The Tudors and the Stuarts
1) The Reign of Mary Tudor
a) revolution: a radical attempt to change the very structure of a country’s government
b) in the late 1400’s the Tudor family became the rulers of England. 2) The Reign of Elizabeth I a) Mary Queen of Scots
i)When Mary I died her half-sister, Elizabeth, became queen. ii) Elizabeth had no children so the crown went to Mary Queen of Scots, a Catholic. b) The Spanish Armada
i) In 1588, Phillip sent a fleet of ships, called the Invincible Armada, but the British quickly defeated them. ii) Even with the Spanish Armada defeated, England faced many internal problems. c) The religious problem i) Religions in England were unsettled. ii) The religion would change from Protestant to Catholic as the ruler would change. d) Elizabeth I and Parliament i) Henry VIII passed a law to make England a protestant nation. ii) The two houses of Parliament, the gentry and the burgesses.
3) The Roots of the English Revolution
a) James I
i) He was the son of Mary Queen of Scots. ii) James tried to ally England with Spain, but he failed and the two countries went to war.
b) Charles I
i) He was the son of James I. ii) For 11 years, Charles refused to call Parliament into session.
c) The Scots
i) covenant; solemn agreement ii) Realizing that he could not defend England without new taxation, called Parliament into session in 1640.
B) Civil War and Revolution
1) The Irish Problem
a) The Parliament of 1640 was called the Long Parliament
b) While the Long Parliament worked on reducing the kings authority, trouble broke out in Ireland.

2) English Civil War a) Death of the king i) The citizens were divided. ii)The court condemned by Parliament and was beheaded
2) Cromwell’s Commonwealth
a) Cromwell ascended the throne after Charles
b) constitution: a document outlining the fundamental laws and principals that govern a nation. 4) The End of the Revolution a)Cromwell failed to create a perfect republic. b)The throne went to Charles 1’s son. C) England’ Constitutional Monarchy 1) Charles II and the Restoration a) was the son of Charles I and was nothing like he father
b)was called the merry monarch and changed English government for the good.
2) Political Parties Develop
a) Since Charles II had no children the throne went to his younger brother James II
b) the two political parties were the Whigs and the Tories. 3) James II and the Glorious Revolution a)The Whigs and the Tories united to oppose James II b) James fled to France and they crown William III and Mary II as rulers 4) New Ideas About Government a) Thomas Hobbes and John Locke were two English philosophers. b) They thought that government should have a social contract. 5) Safeguards Against Absolute Rule
a)habeas corpus: act that protected individuals against arrest and imprisonment. b) Toleration Act: act for religious freedom 6) Parliament Rules England
a)The Bill of Rights and the Act of Settlement marked the end of the struggle between monarch and Parliament b) cabinet: heads of government’s department 7) Act of Union a) In 1707, England and Scotland were united b) George I who ruled until 1727 spoke no English 8) A Constitutional Monarchy a)prime minister: first minister b) limited constitutional monarchy: where the monarchy was limited D) English Colonial Empire 1) Explorers and Sea Dogs a) sea dogs: English pirates
b) They played a part in the defeat of the Spanish Armada and strengthen England’s control of the seas. 2) The English in India
a) In 1600, Queen Elizabeth I granted a charter to a trading company in India. b) This company became extremely powerful till the 1800’s 3) The English in America a) The English were slow to establish colonies in North America. b) England had the most control over the colonies. 4) Mercantilism and the British Colonies
a) Mercantilism: the colonies only exist for the economic benefit of the mother country.
b) Trade regulation aroused resentment among the colonist and thus leading to the American Revolution.