Sounds
Line 20 Alliteration of ‘P’.
-“In Patrium Populumque fluxit”
-Sharp P sound and repetition
-Ruin goes through the fatherland and people
-P soiund is sharp and its like the ruin is pushing through the people and fatherland.
Line 6 Anaphora hinc…huc…
-the 2 clauses begin with similar words
- poet wants to emphasize beginning and end
Word Order
Line 4 Synchysis
-“(A) foeda (B) nigro (A) simulacra (B)fumo”
-foul image of black smoke
Word Choice
Line 2-4 “templa – fumo”
-religious language
-Horace talks about how the crimes of ancestors will still have to be paid for by the modern generation.
Images
Line 17 Metaphor “fecunda culpae saecula”
-the saecula is abundant with crime, not the children. The image personifies saecula
Meter
Line 4 the are two dactyls which means you read it faster and lighter.
-horrible images of black smoke sounds like dangerous and like you would want to get rid of it fast.
Mood/ Theme
I think the mood of this poem is serious with a little bit of joy. Words like joy and rejoice are used several times But overall Horace portrays that Rome will decline as long as the temples of the gods are not restored and the sanctity of marriage is undermined.
Tone
In line 1 Horace seems sympathetic in a way because he acknowledges that the modern generation are innocent and don’t deserve to atone for the crimes.
Allusions
Hannibal in line 36. He was a military commander in the Punic Carthaginian.
Custom- selling the young virgin to peddlers and ship masters
Grammar
Line 3 Labentis gerundive (slipping into decay)