Industrial Effluents
What is an Effluent?
Effluent is an out flowing of water or gas from a natural body or a man made structure.
Effluent is defined by the United States Environmental Protection Agency as “wastewater - treated or untreated - that flows out of a treatment plant, sewer, or industrial outfall. Generally refers to wastes discharged into surface waters”.
The Compact Oxford English Dictionary defines effluent as “liquid waste or sewage discharged into a river or the sea”.
Sources of Industrial Effluents
Iron and steel industry : Contamination of waste stream includes chemicals like benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, phenols, cresols, ammonia, cyanide, etc together known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAH). Acids, hydraulic oils, etc are also included in the wastewater.
Mines and Quarries : Slurries of rock particles, hydraulic oils, fine particulate haematites, surfactants, arsenic, etc.
Food Industry: The wastewater generated is generally biodegradable and non toxic but contain a large concentrations of Biochemical Oxygen Demand(BOD) and Suspended Solids(SS). Animal slaughter produces very strong organic wastes from body fluids such as blood. Organic matter from the industries are also produced.
Pulp and Paper Industry: Effluents high in Suspended Solids and BOD. Organic pollutans are also produced.
Nuclear Industry: Radioactive wastes are produced.
Complex Organic Chemical Industries: Waste waters from these industries can be contaminated by feed-stock materials, by-products, product material in soluble or particulate form, washing and cleaning agents, solvents and added value products such as plasticisers.
Treatment of Industrial Wastewater
Brine Treatment : involves removal of dissolved salt ions from the waste stream. Brine treatment systems are optimized to either reduce the volume of the final discharge for more economic disposal or maximize the recovery of fresh water or salts. Brine treatment technologies may include: membrane
Effluent is an out flowing of water or gas from a natural body or a man made structure.
Effluent is defined by the United States Environmental Protection Agency as “wastewater - treated or untreated - that flows out of a treatment plant, sewer, or industrial outfall. Generally refers to wastes discharged into surface waters”.
The Compact Oxford English Dictionary defines effluent as “liquid waste or sewage discharged into a river or the sea”.
Sources of Industrial Effluents
Iron and steel industry : Contamination of waste stream includes chemicals like benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, phenols, cresols, ammonia, cyanide, etc together known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAH). Acids, hydraulic oils, etc are also included in the wastewater.
Mines and Quarries : Slurries of rock particles, hydraulic oils, fine particulate haematites, surfactants, arsenic, etc.
Food Industry: The wastewater generated is generally biodegradable and non toxic but contain a large concentrations of Biochemical Oxygen Demand(BOD) and Suspended Solids(SS). Animal slaughter produces very strong organic wastes from body fluids such as blood. Organic matter from the industries are also produced.
Pulp and Paper Industry: Effluents high in Suspended Solids and BOD. Organic pollutans are also produced.
Nuclear Industry: Radioactive wastes are produced.
Complex Organic Chemical Industries: Waste waters from these industries can be contaminated by feed-stock materials, by-products, product material in soluble or particulate form, washing and cleaning agents, solvents and added value products such as plasticisers.
Treatment of Industrial Wastewater
Brine Treatment : involves removal of dissolved salt ions from the waste stream. Brine treatment systems are optimized to either reduce the volume of the final discharge for more economic disposal or maximize the recovery of fresh water or salts. Brine treatment technologies may include: membrane