International Relations Final Exam Review
Final Exam Review
Nuclear Weapons
Chemical – weapons using toxic properties of chemical substances such as sarin or nerve gas. The French used chemical weapons in the Germans in WWI
Biological – disperses organisms or microorganisms to produce disease, such as anthrax, rich, or small pox. The Germans used biological weapons against the allied forces during WWI by infecting livestock
Radiological – designed to spread radioactive material, most commonly material from waste plants. It has not been used in war yet.
Nuclear – nuclear weapons are explosive devices that derives destructive force from nuclear reactions The first nuclear weapon test states were the U.S., France, the UK, Russia, China, India, Pakistan and Israel. Nuclear weapons sharing: The U.S. provides weapons for: Belgium Germany Italy Netherlands Turkey
What is Nuclear Power?
The use of sustained nuclear fission to generate heat and electricity. Countries can enrich uranium up to 20% in order to create usable nuclear power
Treaties to control Weapons of Mass Destruction:
Geneva Protocol (1925) – prohibited the use of biological and chemical weapons
Convention on the Prohibition of Biological Weapons (1972)
Conventions on the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (1997)
Joint convention on the safety of spent fuel management and the safety of radiological waste (2001)
States might want nuclear weapons for security and deterrent measures, for power, or to satisfy domestic interests
Nuclear Weapons Treaties
16 multilateral treaties
9 Regional treaties
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
Came into force in 1970
189 states signed it
North Korea Withdrew in 2003
India, Pakistan and Israel did not sign it
Why was it needed?
The U.S. and USSR deterrent relationship was fragile, and even more nuclear states would further reduce threat of a nuclear war
It guaranteed that non-nuclear states would not obtain weapons
Provisions of NPT
Article I – Nuclear weapon
Nuclear Weapons
Chemical – weapons using toxic properties of chemical substances such as sarin or nerve gas. The French used chemical weapons in the Germans in WWI
Biological – disperses organisms or microorganisms to produce disease, such as anthrax, rich, or small pox. The Germans used biological weapons against the allied forces during WWI by infecting livestock
Radiological – designed to spread radioactive material, most commonly material from waste plants. It has not been used in war yet.
Nuclear – nuclear weapons are explosive devices that derives destructive force from nuclear reactions The first nuclear weapon test states were the U.S., France, the UK, Russia, China, India, Pakistan and Israel. Nuclear weapons sharing: The U.S. provides weapons for: Belgium Germany Italy Netherlands Turkey
What is Nuclear Power?
The use of sustained nuclear fission to generate heat and electricity. Countries can enrich uranium up to 20% in order to create usable nuclear power
Treaties to control Weapons of Mass Destruction:
Geneva Protocol (1925) – prohibited the use of biological and chemical weapons
Convention on the Prohibition of Biological Weapons (1972)
Conventions on the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (1997)
Joint convention on the safety of spent fuel management and the safety of radiological waste (2001)
States might want nuclear weapons for security and deterrent measures, for power, or to satisfy domestic interests
Nuclear Weapons Treaties
16 multilateral treaties
9 Regional treaties
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
Came into force in 1970
189 states signed it
North Korea Withdrew in 2003
India, Pakistan and Israel did not sign it
Why was it needed?
The U.S. and USSR deterrent relationship was fragile, and even more nuclear states would further reduce threat of a nuclear war
It guaranteed that non-nuclear states would not obtain weapons
Provisions of NPT
Article I – Nuclear weapon