K-12

COMPUTER-AIDED INSTRUCTION ON SELECTED TOPICS ON MATHEMATICS IN HIGH SCHOOL

A Thesis Presented

To the Faculty of the College Of Science

Bulacan State University

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree

Bachelor of Science in Mathematics

Major in Computer Science

By:

Jad Maverick A. Vicente

Jeffrey D. Madlang-Awa

Patrick Y. Cabazal

March 2014

APPROVAL SHEET

The thesis entitled “COMPUTER-AIDED INSTRUCTION ON SELECTED TOPICS ON MATHEMATICS IN HIGH SCHOOL” prepared and submitted by Jad Maverick A. Vicente, Jeffrey D. Madlang-Awa and Patrick Y. Cabazal in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Mathematics major in Computer Science, has been examined and is recommended for Oral Examination.

Adviser
Approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Mathematics major in Computer Science by the Committee on Oral Examination.

ELLENITA G. MANALAYSAY Chairman

Member Member

Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Mathematics major in Computer Science.

March 2014 EDGARDO M. SANTOS, PhD Dean, College of Science

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We can’t find words to express our gratitude to those who helped us to improve and completed the study. Just a thanks giving is not enough, but at least through this we should let the readers know about it. I wish to thank, first and foremost, our Almighty God who is always there for us, who give us strength and lift our hearts when all seems hopeless. We are indebted to our, (thesis advisor), for his/her guidance and support. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to our class advisor, Ms. Ellenita G. Manalaysay, for her excellent guidance, caring, patience, and providing us with an excellent atmosphere for doing research. We wish to thank our friends specially to Leandrew Castillo whose support have been unfailing. I would also like to thank, Mark D.C Valle as a good friend, was always willing to help and give his best suggestions and for giving us ideas and reminding us not to lose sight on our thesis documentation so that we can finished it due on time and not in a hurry. And to Gerald Dela Cruz who always make us laugh in times of difficulties when someone holds a grudge in our group. It would have been a lonely research without them. We would also like to thank our parents for they were always supporting us and encouraging us with their best wishes. Finally, We would like to thank our Classmates BSM (CS) 4-D. They were always there cheering us up through the good times and bad. Apart from our efforts, the success of any project depends largely on the encouragement and guidelines of many others. We can’t say thank you enough for their tremendous support and help. Without their encouragement and guidance this project would not have been successful.

"I can do all things through Christ, which strengthens me."
[PHP 4:13]

The Researchers J.M.A.V J.M-A P.Y.C

CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

INTRODUCTION Education has always been important but perhaps, never more so, in man’s history than today. In a science based world, education and research are crucial to the development process of a country, its welfare, progress and security. This statement is more relevant even after forty-six years in today’s world of knowledge explosion but rather increased. The 21st century world can be called a scientific world, advancing rapidly in information technology, medicine, engineering, space communication, astronomy, astrophysics, artificial intelligence, robotics and many other disciplines. Our country requires technically skilled manpower. For all disciplines mathematics is the base. But these days math is one of the most hated subjects in school or should I say the most hated subject. Why? It’s because studying math is not as 1 2 3, the more you understand a certain topic the more it gets complicated that if you can’t understand the first topic, you’ll be having a hard time understanding the next topic that is more complicated.

“ if you really want to understand something, the best way is to try and explain it to someone else. That forces you to sort it out in your own mind. And the more slow and dim-witted your pupil, the more you have to break things down into more and more simple ideas. And that’s really the essence of programming. By the time you’ve sorted out a complicated idea into little steps that even a stupid machine can deal with, you’ve certainly learned something about it yourself. - Douglas Adams”

This research includes a literally computer application (CAI – Computer Aided Instruction) that helps in understanding math problems, solving and computations in a certain topic in an easy way of using computer.

CAI or Computer-Aided Instruction is a program of instructional material presented by means of a computer or computer systems. It is an individualized teaching method “Computer-Aided Instruction (CAI) refers to the instruction presented on a computer. CAI facilitates instant access to information with infinite patience, accuracy and it provides opportunity for systematically organized maximum learning for all learners.

The used of computers in education started in the 1960’s. With the advent of convenient microcomputers in 1970’s, computer use in schools has become widespread from primary education through the university level and even in some preschool programs. Instructional computer are basically used in one of two ways: either they provide a straightforward presentation of data or they fill a tutorial role in which the student is tested on comprehension.

Statement of the Problem

The general problem of the study was: “How does Computer-Aided Instruction on Selected Topics on Mathematics in High School be developed?

Specifically, it sought answers to the following questions.

1. What are the topics included in the Computer-Aided Instruction?

1.1 Algebra

1.1.1 Translates verbal phrases to mathematical phrases 1.1.2 Differentiates between constants and variables in a given algebraic expression 1.1.3 evaluate algebraic expressions for given values of the variables 1.1.4 Give example of polynomials, monomial, binomial, trinomial 1.1.5 Identifies the bases, coefficient, terms and exponents in a given polynomial 1.1.6 Defines and interprets the meaning of n where n is a positive integer 1.1.7 Derives inductively the laws of exponents 1.1.8 Illustrates the laws of exponents 1.1.9 Add and Subtract polynomials 1.1.10 Multiply and Divides polynomials 1.1.11 product of two binomial, product of a sum and difference of two terms, square of a binomial, cube of a binomial, product of a binomial and a trinomial

1.1.12 differentiates between mathematical expressions and mathematical equations. 1.1.13 differentiates between equations and inequalities 1.1.14 defines and illustrates the meaning of the absolute value 1.1.15 finds the solution of an equation or inequality 1.1.16 solves problems that use equations and inequalities
2. What development tools were used in developing the system in terms of the following fields. 2.1 Software Requirements

2.2 Hardware Requirements

3. How acceptable is the system in terms of

3.1 Manner of Presentation

3.2 Functionality;

3.3 Reliability

3.4 Usability

3.5 Speed

3.6User-friendliness; and

3.7 Security

4. How can the following features be developed for Computer-Aided Instruction?

4.1 Lessons

4.2 Exercises

4.3 Calculator

4.4 Graphing

5. What programming language can be used to develop Computer-Aided Instruction?

Significance of the Study

This Interactive Learning System is beneficial and expected to be help to the following stakeholders

Students. Computer is not only for adults but also for everyone who intend to use it for pleasure, exploring, searching, learning and others that we want to do. Students are likely enjoys to use computers nowadays and enjoys new things that can attract them to explore the software and learn from it by themselves. Students more likely do routine work makes them more likely to try different methods and approaches.
Teachers. The teachers may develop this skill when they learn how to use technology during pre service education. The main purpose of using technology in teacher education is to enhance teacher‘s effectiveness and improve student‘s learning. Thus, appropriate training of teachers is very important. Trainee teachers not only learn how to use technology, but also how to incorporate technology into their method of teaching.

Future Researchers. Our finished study serves as a reference for others who will study on our related topics. Moreover, it is for those who will be working Interactive Learning System or CAI on selected topics in Mathematics that will surely benefit the future researchers.
Parents. The parents would not think that using computer can break down the studies of their children but to think that they are just stretching their knowledge and explore new things by the use of technology in learning.

Scope and Delimitation
Our study is to develop an Interactive Computer System Application for Grade 7 Students and other users to learn more about the topic that they find difficult to understand without being bored while studying. This study was pursued to know how the Grade 7 student understands a lesson in algebra using a Computer-Aided Instruction Program. It provides an eye catching interface for the age of Grade 7 students together with the lessons concerning about algebra and its sub-topic. In every lesson it includes topics on how to understand algebra in a simple way. Up coming exercises is expected to, it is use test if the user fully understand the topic that they have read about. It is relevant to know if the user understand the topic, so they will know that the Computer-Aided Instruction is very useful for them. There are more techniques in solving a math problem. It can be a short cut or a long cut, but whether of the two you choose In the end it’s either you understand the topic or not. However, this Interactive Computer System Application contains common ways of solving mathematical problems. The researcher wants the system can that add, edit, and delete data or lesson that are not necessary through the use of Admin Account. The system requires database administrator for use of Admin account in adding, editing and deleting lesson. LAN base is capable for changing the lesson once and applied to other computer with the same application. The study contains a simple and attractive graphics for the Grade 7 students. Variables can be replaced with distinct pictures that can attract Grade 7 student while learning at the same they are enjoying. The system provide its own modified calculator and it includes the process of a certain problem to show the solution for the student/user can determine the answer and review it how did the answer came up.

The researcher includes graphing of problems to understand the solution with accurate result of the given problem. this Graphing application lessens your expenses and wasting of graphing paper for the graph.

In our system there is information and tools to help the user to understand our system more easily and find that it’s not so hard to use. It provides friendly user interface, animations and a help function. It will have a two kind of user, one is for the Student User and the other is what you called the Admin User. The purpose of admin is to add or improve our system if there are any additional features that we want to add so that we can make a dynamic system that can meet our users standard. Admin can add new topics for their new or revised topic for learning. It can also delete old topics that are not necessary anymore. For students, they can just use for studying while enjoying the topic in an easy way of understanding. Instruction improves instruction for students with disabilities because students receive immediate feedback and do not continue to practice the wrong skills. Firstly it is really attractive to the students since computer gives enjoyful activities and it comes to studenst not boring unlike some part of the lessons. Especially some students/chidren see computer as a toy and it helps us to apply this activity. It will capture the students’ attention because the programs are interactive and engage the students’ spirit of competitiveness to increase their scores. Also, computer assisted instruction moves at the students’ pace and usually does not move ahead until they have mastered the skill. The students/user can repeatedly use and explore the topics that he/she wants to recall. Programs provide differentiated lessons to challenge students who are at risk, average, or gifted. It provides lots of question types so students can find the opportunity of seeing lots of question types. Using computers for a lesson is very effective to motivate them. Moreover, we can find lot of sources from internet and apply them to students. Especially in practicing students to see their evaluation of their performance and give feedback to students. When the student’s answer is false, program gives some clues to find the correct answers. In this way they analyze the clues and solve problems according to these clues. That improves information analyzing of students.