Metabolism and Enzymes: Forms of Energy
Division Ave. High School
Ms. Foglia
AP Biology
Metabolism & Enzymes
AP Biology
2007-2008
Forms of Energy
Energy
Is the capacity to cause change
Exists in various forms, of which some can perform work
Kinetic energy
Is the energy associated with motion
Potential energy
Is stored in the location of matter
Includes chemical energy stored in molecular structure
AP Biology
1
Division Ave. High School
Ms. Foglia
AP Biology
Energy can be converted
From one form to another
On the platform, a diver has more potential energy.
Climbing up converts kinetic energy of muscle movement
Figure 8.2
Diving converts potential energy to kinetic energy.
In the water, a diver has less potential energy.
to potential energy.
AP Biology
The Laws of Energy Transformation
Thermodynamics
Is the study of energy transformations
AP Biology
2
Division Ave. High School
Ms. Foglia
AP Biology
The First Law of Thermodynamics
According to the first law of thermodynamics Energy can be transferred and transformed
Energy cannot be created or destroyed
Figure 8.3
Chemical energy (a) First law of thermodynamics: Energy can be transferred or transformed but
Neither created nor destroyed. For example, the chemical (potential) energy in food will be converted to the kinetic energy of the cheetah’s movement in (b).
AP Biology
The Second Law of Thermodynamics
According to the second law of thermodynamics
Spontaneous changes that do not require outside energy increase the entropy, or disorder, of the universe
Heat
co2
+
H2O
AP Biology
Figure 8.3
(b) Second law of thermodynamics: Every energy transfer or transformation increases the disorder (entropy) of the universe. For example, disorder is added to the cheetah’s surroundings in the form of heat and the small molecules that are the by-products of metabolism.
3
Ms. Foglia
AP Biology
Metabolism & Enzymes
AP Biology
2007-2008
Forms of Energy
Energy
Is the capacity to cause change
Exists in various forms, of which some can perform work
Kinetic energy
Is the energy associated with motion
Potential energy
Is stored in the location of matter
Includes chemical energy stored in molecular structure
AP Biology
1
Division Ave. High School
Ms. Foglia
AP Biology
Energy can be converted
From one form to another
On the platform, a diver has more potential energy.
Climbing up converts kinetic energy of muscle movement
Figure 8.2
Diving converts potential energy to kinetic energy.
In the water, a diver has less potential energy.
to potential energy.
AP Biology
The Laws of Energy Transformation
Thermodynamics
Is the study of energy transformations
AP Biology
2
Division Ave. High School
Ms. Foglia
AP Biology
The First Law of Thermodynamics
According to the first law of thermodynamics Energy can be transferred and transformed
Energy cannot be created or destroyed
Figure 8.3
Chemical energy (a) First law of thermodynamics: Energy can be transferred or transformed but
Neither created nor destroyed. For example, the chemical (potential) energy in food will be converted to the kinetic energy of the cheetah’s movement in (b).
AP Biology
The Second Law of Thermodynamics
According to the second law of thermodynamics
Spontaneous changes that do not require outside energy increase the entropy, or disorder, of the universe
Heat
co2
+
H2O
AP Biology
Figure 8.3
(b) Second law of thermodynamics: Every energy transfer or transformation increases the disorder (entropy) of the universe. For example, disorder is added to the cheetah’s surroundings in the form of heat and the small molecules that are the by-products of metabolism.
3