Organic Chem Study Guide
BACKROUND INFORMATION
Organic chemistry is the study of hydrocarbons and their various deviations. (Ex. natural gas, paper, proteins, carbohydrates)
Saturated hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons with carbon-carbon single bonds. (Ex. C-C)
Unsaturated hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons with one of more multiple carbon-carbon bonds. (Ex. C=C double bond, triple bond, or both)
Stereoisomers have the same molecular and structural formulas but different orientations of atoms in space.
Constitutional isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula and different connectivity.
Isomers have same molecular formula and have different structural formula.
Cis isomer has two similar groups on same side of double bond.
Trans isomer has similar groups on opposite sides of the double bond.
Expanded structural formula is a 2-D structural representation that depicts the bonding of all atoms in a molecule.
Condensed structural formula is the structural arrangement of the different groupings of molecules.
Skeletal structural formula is the structural arrangement of bonded carbon atoms without showing hydrogen atoms.
Skeletal C-C-C-C-C CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 Condensed
Line structural formula is a structural representation in which a line represents a carbon–carbon bond. A carbon atom is understood to be present at every point where two lines meet.
FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
- An alkane is an acyclic saturated hydrocarbon that contains one or more carbon=carbon double bonds
-Functional group: C-C group
-General formula: CnH2n+2; n = number of carbon atoms
-Structures of branched-chain alkanes are designated using line-angle structural formulas. (Ex. The five constitutional isomers of C6H14)
-Cycloalkanes are alkanes that contain a ring of three or more carbons
-General Formula of Cycloalkane: CnH2n, n = number of carbon atoms
Alkenes and Cycloalkenes
-An alkene is an acyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that contains one or more carbon –
Organic chemistry is the study of hydrocarbons and their various deviations. (Ex. natural gas, paper, proteins, carbohydrates)
Saturated hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons with carbon-carbon single bonds. (Ex. C-C)
Unsaturated hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons with one of more multiple carbon-carbon bonds. (Ex. C=C double bond, triple bond, or both)
Stereoisomers have the same molecular and structural formulas but different orientations of atoms in space.
Constitutional isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula and different connectivity.
Isomers have same molecular formula and have different structural formula.
Cis isomer has two similar groups on same side of double bond.
Trans isomer has similar groups on opposite sides of the double bond.
Expanded structural formula is a 2-D structural representation that depicts the bonding of all atoms in a molecule.
Condensed structural formula is the structural arrangement of the different groupings of molecules.
Skeletal structural formula is the structural arrangement of bonded carbon atoms without showing hydrogen atoms.
Skeletal C-C-C-C-C CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 Condensed
Line structural formula is a structural representation in which a line represents a carbon–carbon bond. A carbon atom is understood to be present at every point where two lines meet.
FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
- An alkane is an acyclic saturated hydrocarbon that contains one or more carbon=carbon double bonds
-Functional group: C-C group
-General formula: CnH2n+2; n = number of carbon atoms
-Structures of branched-chain alkanes are designated using line-angle structural formulas. (Ex. The five constitutional isomers of C6H14)
-Cycloalkanes are alkanes that contain a ring of three or more carbons
-General Formula of Cycloalkane: CnH2n, n = number of carbon atoms
Alkenes and Cycloalkenes
-An alkene is an acyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that contains one or more carbon –