patho fluids and electrolytes
Chapter 6 Study Guide
Fluids, Electrolytes, and Acid-Base balance
Compartmental Distribution of Body Fluids
2/3 of the body’s water is contained in the ICF, the remaining 1/3 is in the ECF
ICF fluid volume is regulated by proteins and other non-diffusible organic compounds in cells
Interstitial fluids (IF) act as a transport vehicle for gasses, nutrients, wastes, and other materials
14%-16% of body weight
Reservoir for maintenance of vascular volume; used during hemorrhage
Plasma (vascular) compartment = blood
4%-5% of body weight
Tissue gel fills in tissue spaces and aids in the even distribution of interstitial spaces
Acts as a sort of sponge
Transcellular compartment- contains cerebrospinal fluid; fluid in peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities; fluid in joint cavities; aqueous and vitreous humor
Normally about 1% of ECF
Referred to as a third space when it becomes considerably enlarged
Edema
Edema- palpable swelling produced by expansion of the interstitial fluid volume when fluid filtration out of capillaries is greater than the reabsoprtion of fluids back into capillaries
Physiologic mechanisms responsible for Edema:
1) increased capillary filtration pressure- increased movement of vascular fluid into interstitial spaces elevated blood pressure (hypertension) relaxation of pre-capillary sphincters (more blood in capillaries) increased vascular volume
2) Decreased capillary colloidal osmotic pressure- less fluid is reabsorbed by capillaries
Decreased liver function, inadequate production of plasma proteins
Abnormal loss of protein by the kidneys
Starvation, malnutrition, burn injuries
3) increased capillary permeability- proteins escape capillaries into interstitial fluids inflammatory and immune responses trauma and burn injuries
4) obstruction of lymph flow- lymph normally moves osmotically active particles that are not reabsorbed by capillaries back into the
Fluids, Electrolytes, and Acid-Base balance
Compartmental Distribution of Body Fluids
2/3 of the body’s water is contained in the ICF, the remaining 1/3 is in the ECF
ICF fluid volume is regulated by proteins and other non-diffusible organic compounds in cells
Interstitial fluids (IF) act as a transport vehicle for gasses, nutrients, wastes, and other materials
14%-16% of body weight
Reservoir for maintenance of vascular volume; used during hemorrhage
Plasma (vascular) compartment = blood
4%-5% of body weight
Tissue gel fills in tissue spaces and aids in the even distribution of interstitial spaces
Acts as a sort of sponge
Transcellular compartment- contains cerebrospinal fluid; fluid in peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities; fluid in joint cavities; aqueous and vitreous humor
Normally about 1% of ECF
Referred to as a third space when it becomes considerably enlarged
Edema
Edema- palpable swelling produced by expansion of the interstitial fluid volume when fluid filtration out of capillaries is greater than the reabsoprtion of fluids back into capillaries
Physiologic mechanisms responsible for Edema:
1) increased capillary filtration pressure- increased movement of vascular fluid into interstitial spaces elevated blood pressure (hypertension) relaxation of pre-capillary sphincters (more blood in capillaries) increased vascular volume
2) Decreased capillary colloidal osmotic pressure- less fluid is reabsorbed by capillaries
Decreased liver function, inadequate production of plasma proteins
Abnormal loss of protein by the kidneys
Starvation, malnutrition, burn injuries
3) increased capillary permeability- proteins escape capillaries into interstitial fluids inflammatory and immune responses trauma and burn injuries
4) obstruction of lymph flow- lymph normally moves osmotically active particles that are not reabsorbed by capillaries back into the