Pathophysiology Chapter 6 Notes
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FOR THE HEALTH PROFESSIONS
CHAPTER 6: FLUID, ELECTROLYTE, AND ACID-BASE IMBALANCES
Fluid Imbalance
Review of Fluid Imbalance
-Water carries nutrients into cells and removes wastes, transports enzymes in digestive secretions, and moves blood cells around the body.
Fluid Compartments
-Approximatley 60% of an adult’s body weight consists of water
-Infant’s body weight is about 70%
-Fluid is distributed between the intracellular compartment (ICF), or fluid inside the cells, and the extracellular compartment (ECF).
-ECF includes the: -intravascular fluid (IVF): blood -Interstitial fluid (ISF): intercellular fluid -Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
-Transcellular fluids (present in various secretions, such as those in the pericardial (heart) cavity or the synovial cavities of the joints
Movement of Water
-The amount of water entering the body should equal the amount of water leaving the body.
-Control of fluid balance is maintained by:
-The thirst mechanism in the hypothalamus, the osmoreceptor cells of which sense the internal environment
-the hormone, antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which controls the amount of fluid leaving the body in the urine
-The hormone aldosterone, which determines the reabsorption of both sodium ions and water from the kidney tubules
-The hormone atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a hormone synthesized and released by the myocardial cells in the atrium of the heart.
-Filtration and osmosis
-Water moves between the vascular compartment or blood and the interstitial compartment though the semi-permeable capillary membranes, depending on the relative hydrostatic and osmotic pressures.
-Hydrostatic pressure may be viewed as the “push” force and osmotic pressure as the “pull” or attraction force in such fluid movements.
-A major factor in the movement of water through cell membranes is the difference in osmotic pressure between the cell and the interstitial fluids.
Fluid Excess – Edema
-Fluid
CHAPTER 6: FLUID, ELECTROLYTE, AND ACID-BASE IMBALANCES
Fluid Imbalance
Review of Fluid Imbalance
-Water carries nutrients into cells and removes wastes, transports enzymes in digestive secretions, and moves blood cells around the body.
Fluid Compartments
-Approximatley 60% of an adult’s body weight consists of water
-Infant’s body weight is about 70%
-Fluid is distributed between the intracellular compartment (ICF), or fluid inside the cells, and the extracellular compartment (ECF).
-ECF includes the: -intravascular fluid (IVF): blood -Interstitial fluid (ISF): intercellular fluid -Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
-Transcellular fluids (present in various secretions, such as those in the pericardial (heart) cavity or the synovial cavities of the joints
Movement of Water
-The amount of water entering the body should equal the amount of water leaving the body.
-Control of fluid balance is maintained by:
-The thirst mechanism in the hypothalamus, the osmoreceptor cells of which sense the internal environment
-the hormone, antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which controls the amount of fluid leaving the body in the urine
-The hormone aldosterone, which determines the reabsorption of both sodium ions and water from the kidney tubules
-The hormone atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a hormone synthesized and released by the myocardial cells in the atrium of the heart.
-Filtration and osmosis
-Water moves between the vascular compartment or blood and the interstitial compartment though the semi-permeable capillary membranes, depending on the relative hydrostatic and osmotic pressures.
-Hydrostatic pressure may be viewed as the “push” force and osmotic pressure as the “pull” or attraction force in such fluid movements.
-A major factor in the movement of water through cell membranes is the difference in osmotic pressure between the cell and the interstitial fluids.
Fluid Excess – Edema
-Fluid