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Plague Notes

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Plague Notes
Plague Notes
Lifespan of yersinia pestis bacilli outside of living host:
• In frozen cadavers (years)
• In putrefying cadavers (a few days)
• In ground (dies rapidly)
• In micro-climate of rodent warrens (several months→ years)
Urban cycle is important for mass destruction of urban ways?
A flea bites rodent, and then the wild rodent will have some type of contact with a human. Or the infected flea will direct the person.

INFLUENZA
• Acute respiratory infection due to influenza virus
• Transmission: highly contagious and infectious
• Incubation period: 1 to 5 days
• Communicability: maximum 1-2 days to 4-5 days after onset o You may be able to pass on the flu to someone else before you know you’re sick, as well as while you’re sick
• Timing: peak usually December through march in north America
• Some strains cause more severe illness than others
• Spread by phomites?
• Highest mortality in people 20-40 years of age
• 675000 Americans died of it, 43000 U.S. soldiers died of it
Spanish Flu
• Greater medical holocaust in history (warring 1971)
• Deaths in the hospital exceeded 25% per night in the peak (start 1976)
• I hate this class
HIV Pathogens
Immunosuppression seen in AIDS
-Depletion of t4 helper lymphocytes
Exposures: HIV…
Incubation period:
Period between HIV infection and the onset of AIDS varies months to years
CDC average length 7 years or more, continues to change to various factors
Phases:
Acute HIV disease symptomatic
HIV disease (HIV positive) Chronic
Symptomatic HIV disease (AIDS related complex or ARC)
Advanced HIV Disease (AIDS)
(Days-weeks-months-years)

Opportunistic infections:
Protozoal-toxoplasmosis, cryptosporidiosis
Fingal-pneumocystis carnii pneumonia, candidiasis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, coccidiodomycosis
Opportunistic tumors:
Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS)
-Most frequent opportunistic tumor
-20% of patients with AIDS
KS male homosexuals:
-Incidence is declining
Other manifestations:
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