ppd 227 study guide
PPD 227 Final Study Guide
· Urban Renewal (1949-1973)
The Housing Act of 1949 immediately ushered in the practice of "urban renewal," a government effort to reform and rejuvenate aging and decaying cities. This goal was primarily accomplished through the demolition of buildings, clearance of "slums," and relocation of peoples. The urban renewal efforts were exacerbated by the Housing Act's call to bring eminent domain into prevalence. This government practice spawned a series of economic, racial, and cultural reactions that shaped the way we live today.
· Community Development (1974-present)
When Congress passed the Housing and Community Development (HCD) Act of 1974, it broke down the barriers of prevailing practice -- where under separate categorical programs, the Federal Government had made the decisions about every community development project undertaken by cities. The HCD Act departed from this model by creating the CDBG program. CDBG merged 7 categorical programs into a block of flexible community development funds distributed each year by a formula that considers population and measures of distress including poverty, age of housing, housing overcrowding, and growth lag. Grantees now determine what activities they will fund as long as certain requirements are met, including that each activity is eligible and will meet one of the three broad national objectives of the program. The focus switched from national to more local.
· New urbanism / Traditional neighborhood design
New urbanism is an urban design movement which promotes walkable neighborhoods containing a range of housing and job types. It arose in the United States in the early 1980s, and has gradually informed many aspects of real estate development, urban planning, and municipal land-use strategies, New Urbanists support regional planning for open space, context-appropriate architecture and planning, and the balanced development of jobs and housing. They believe their strategies can
· Urban Renewal (1949-1973)
The Housing Act of 1949 immediately ushered in the practice of "urban renewal," a government effort to reform and rejuvenate aging and decaying cities. This goal was primarily accomplished through the demolition of buildings, clearance of "slums," and relocation of peoples. The urban renewal efforts were exacerbated by the Housing Act's call to bring eminent domain into prevalence. This government practice spawned a series of economic, racial, and cultural reactions that shaped the way we live today.
· Community Development (1974-present)
When Congress passed the Housing and Community Development (HCD) Act of 1974, it broke down the barriers of prevailing practice -- where under separate categorical programs, the Federal Government had made the decisions about every community development project undertaken by cities. The HCD Act departed from this model by creating the CDBG program. CDBG merged 7 categorical programs into a block of flexible community development funds distributed each year by a formula that considers population and measures of distress including poverty, age of housing, housing overcrowding, and growth lag. Grantees now determine what activities they will fund as long as certain requirements are met, including that each activity is eligible and will meet one of the three broad national objectives of the program. The focus switched from national to more local.
· New urbanism / Traditional neighborhood design
New urbanism is an urban design movement which promotes walkable neighborhoods containing a range of housing and job types. It arose in the United States in the early 1980s, and has gradually informed many aspects of real estate development, urban planning, and municipal land-use strategies, New Urbanists support regional planning for open space, context-appropriate architecture and planning, and the balanced development of jobs and housing. They believe their strategies can