Project Management
1 project is defined as a collaborative enterprise, involving research or design, that is carefully planned to achieve a particular aim.[1]
Projects can be further defined as temporary rather than permanent social systems or work systems that are constituted by teams within or across organizations to accomplish particular tasksunder time constraints.
2
1. Administrative: Administrative projects involve intellectual workers. The scope may change as the project proceeds. 2. Construction: Construction is a contract business where the scope is laid out in detail before the project starts and the level of risk is relatively small for the size of investment. The workers are almost entirely craft or blue collar. In most cases time pressures are moderate and cost is a very important variable. The processes of construction are typically well known and the foremen very experienced. 3. Computer Software Development: Software projects are notorious for having the scope change radically during the project. Often they are pushing the state of the art which introduces high risk. Programmers are famous for individualistic behavior. 4. Design of Plans: The design of any kind of plan is an intellectual endeavor. By the nature of the exploratory nature of design the scope may not be well defined at the beginning because the client may not have yet decided just what they want. Quality is of a higher priority than either time or cost. 5. Equipment or System Installation: Scope is well defined and speed is essential. Risk should be low if the project was well planned. 6. Event: This is a one of a kind project where scope may change during the project and uncertainty is high. Time is critical to meet a specific date. It is probably a complex project. 7. Maintenance of Process Industries: Turnarounds and outages are short perhaps nine week projects in which down time can cost as much as a million dollars per day and speed is critical. Uncertainty is high
Projects can be further defined as temporary rather than permanent social systems or work systems that are constituted by teams within or across organizations to accomplish particular tasksunder time constraints.
2
1. Administrative: Administrative projects involve intellectual workers. The scope may change as the project proceeds. 2. Construction: Construction is a contract business where the scope is laid out in detail before the project starts and the level of risk is relatively small for the size of investment. The workers are almost entirely craft or blue collar. In most cases time pressures are moderate and cost is a very important variable. The processes of construction are typically well known and the foremen very experienced. 3. Computer Software Development: Software projects are notorious for having the scope change radically during the project. Often they are pushing the state of the art which introduces high risk. Programmers are famous for individualistic behavior. 4. Design of Plans: The design of any kind of plan is an intellectual endeavor. By the nature of the exploratory nature of design the scope may not be well defined at the beginning because the client may not have yet decided just what they want. Quality is of a higher priority than either time or cost. 5. Equipment or System Installation: Scope is well defined and speed is essential. Risk should be low if the project was well planned. 6. Event: This is a one of a kind project where scope may change during the project and uncertainty is high. Time is critical to meet a specific date. It is probably a complex project. 7. Maintenance of Process Industries: Turnarounds and outages are short perhaps nine week projects in which down time can cost as much as a million dollars per day and speed is critical. Uncertainty is high