Psychotherapy reviewer

PERSPECTIVE
THERAPEUTIC FOCUS
THERAPEUTIC RELATIONSHIP
THERAPEUTIC CHANGE PROCESS
Psychodynamic
Result of defensive reactions to anxiety, faulty object representations or pathogenic schema
Classical psychoanalytic approaches: therapeutic alliance where therapist is neutral but an expert, while the client is submissive; participant observer; cooperative
Clarification
Confrontation
Interpretation
Mirroring
Desensitization strategy working through
Cognitive-Behavioral
Result of maladaptive behavior patterns; dysfunctional cognitions
Traditional behavioral therapy approach: therapist is expert/client is learner
Contemporary cognitive therapy approach: collaborative empiricism
Cognitive restructuring
Desensitization strategies: systematic desensitization, exposure, cognitive and behavioral rehearsal
Skill training
Modeling and reinforcement
Experiential
Result of discrepancy between real and ideal self, and/or disturbance in boundary between self and others so that one is not centered in the here and now.
Collaborative
Empathic listening and responding
Desensitization strategies: phenomenological reduction, staying with, empty chair technique, guided fantasy, enactment
Systems
Result of dysfunctional patterns of family boundaries, schemas, power, intimacy, or skill deficits.
Varies from expert-novice to collaborative
Joining
Skill training
Boundary restructuring
Desensitization strategies: paradox, reframing, enactment
Integrative-multicultural-accountability
Result of intrapersonal, interpersonal and/or system dynamics in a given cultural context.
Varies from expert-novice to collaborative
Tailored integration of above interventions that are culturally sensitive, cost-effective, and efficacious

FOUR BASIC CURATIVE FACTORS IN PSYCHOTHERAPY
1. Client resources: readiness for change, coping and personal/social skills, motivation, eg-strength, intelligence, achievements, psychological-mindedness, courage, and past history of success