related literature and studies

CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter contains the researched review done by the proponents about the related ideas regarding the social networking. The critique of both related studies and literature that are related to the present study.
A. Related Literature
Matt Mickiewicz (2010) stated that, Social networking refers to the act of building networks of people on specific websites. Social networking takes place among people who share something. A social networking site is just a means for building these social networks. These sites are made up of some web representation for each network member a list of their links or interests, and some kind of ‘hook’ or gimmick to set that particular site apart from the crowd. Social networking sites are web-based, and offer their users the ability to link and build networks freely. Members interact with email or private messaging using that site’s servers.
(http://www.askdeb.com/blog/internet/what-are-social-networking-sites/)
The present research is similar in a sense that members of the site interact with each other. It will help us to know the latest news update about the school and the upcoming program that were going to held. In the other hand, the school will also inform if their followers or the students are interested in the program or activities that the school prepared. Like Mickiewicz stated, a social networking refers to the act of building networks of people.
According to usability expert Jakob Nielsen (2011) whose user-experience research firm Nielsen Norman Group today with easy-to-use social networking tools now fully entrenched and very popular inside corporate intranets a trend that took off last year a resultant new trend has emerged. Employees are sharing more of their knowledge more effectively and with more co-workers than ever before. Knowledge management has moved from being a cliché to being a reality. Employees are the ultimate knowledge resource, and the winning intranets provided features to transform their behavior into manageable knowledge. In particular, organizations used social networking a natural inside the enterprise to give employees practical and simple ways to communicate with one another and even change the way work is done at the organization.
(http://www.hr.com/en/communities/jakob-nielsen-study-enterpriseintranet-social-ne_girm9g7z.html)
The current research is different in a sense it is referring only to the communication of the employees in a certain organization. While in our website, we are much particular to the communication between school officials and students. One of our objectives is to enhance communication among students, faculty members, and school official and other employees.
Tom Geismar (2005) found out that, when it comes to online social networking, websites are commonly used. These websites are known as social sites. Social networking websites function like an online community of internet users. Depending on the website in question, many of these online community members share common interests in hobbies, religion, or politics. Once you are granted access to a social networking website you can begin to socialize. This socialization may include reading the profile pages of other members and possibly even contacting them.
(http://www.whatissocialnetworking.com/)
The present research is similar in a sense that the purpose of the website is to build socialization between members. Their common interests is that they are in a same community, same school which they are united. As Geismar stated, socialization may include reading profile pages of other members or even contacting with them. So the purpose is the same, we want to improve communication between students and make it easier for them to get information. We use Social Networking Websites because it is commonly used and more popular.
According to Larry Brauner (2007), Social networking sites have each a unique protocol and don’t usually provide members with practical how-to advice to help use their sites effectively. They let us figure out the how-to on our own. To increase your number of connections, connect directly to as many other members as you can, especially well-connected members. You can send direct connections messages or emails whenever you wish. Join discussions in groups by posting or commenting when you have something valuable to add, but don’t spam the discussion board or post anything inappropriate.
(http://online-social-networking.com/category/social-media-sites)
The current research is different in a sense that it is easy to use. Even though we don’t provide such guides to use the site, it’s easy to figure out what’s and how’s because it is user friendly. And also, the members don’t have to connect or add as many friends as they could just to have larger connections, it’s not like Facebook or Friendster. The members will interact with each other by creating post or leaving comment.
Mark Zuckerburg (2007) stated that, there's confusion around what the point of social networks is. A lot of different companies characterized as social networks have different goals some serve the function of business networking, some are media portals. What we're trying to do is just make it really efficient for people to communicate, get information and share information. We always try to emphasize the utility component. What we figured is that if we could model what those connections were we could provide that information to a set of applications through which people want to share information, photos or videos or events. Social networking sites not serves as a community, or trying to build a community but trying to make new connections.
(http://www.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,1644040,00.html#ixzz1AsOaHD8w)
The present research is similar in a sense were both aiming communication between people, to get information and share information. Members can share photos, video sot link to other members but not privately, it will be visible to all the members. Especially the events that will happen or will going to held by the school. It is the perfect location for posting announcements and sharing information.
B. Related Studies
Yong Yeol Ahn (2007) stated that the Social networking services are a fast-growing business in the Internet. However, it is unknown if online relationships and their growth patterns are the same as in real-life social networks. The Internet has been a vessel to expand our social networks in many ways. Social networking services (SNSs) are one successful example of such a role. It provides an online private space for individuals and tools for interacting with other people in the Internet. It help people find others of a common interest; establish a forum for discussion, exchange photos and personal news, and many more.
The current research is different in a sense that their Social networking services provide users with an online presence that contains shareable personal information, such as a birthday, hobbies, preferences, photographs, writings, etc. While our Social networking services offer features of convenience that help users form and maintain an online network with other users. We aim to develop a networking site that only focus to the event and other news that is happening in the school.
Jawad Laraqui (2007), found out that an Online social networks are not a new phenomenon. They have evolved slowly into their current form as the popularity of the Internet increased, and as technical advances allowed services to support more complicated feature sets. In the 90s, the fledgling online communities were either easy to maintain message boards or static “homepage” style web sites hosted by extremely large companies. As technology became more inexpensive it made hosting more advanced social networks with more complex feature sets financially feasible for small companies. (http://smg.media.mit.edu/papers/laraqui/laraqui_thesis.pdf) The present research is similar in a sense that we are both aiming a social network that has advance features or a unique one that will satisfy the needs of the people. We are going to develop a website that is exclusively for the students and employees of the school. Our school should be competitive to the innovation and enhancement that our technology seeking. Indeed, over the last decade, innovation in this space has always come from small startups.
Peter Druschel (2007) stated that, unlike the Web, which is largely organized around content, online social networks are organized around users. Participating users join a network, publish their profile and any content, and create links to any other users with whom they associate. An in-depth understanding of the graph structure of online social networks is necessary to evaluate current systems, to design future online social network based systems, and to understand the impact of online social networks on the Internet. (http://conferences.sigcomm.org/imc/2007/papers/imc170.pdf) The present research is similar in a sense that the resulting social network provides a basis for maintaining social relationships, for finding users with similar interests, and for locating content and knowledge that has been contributed or endorsed by other users. The only difference is that only the authorized personnel can edit or have the full control of the networking site. It is for the security and for the privacy of the users.
Jasper A. Schelling (2007) studied that, most of the larger social networks share the same properties. User created profiles that describe characteristics, likes and dislikes, combined with a photo, a public friends list of mutual contacts, some form of messaging between users. Some form of blogging and the possibility to upload pictures and music. Looking at these technologies in retrospect it’s easy to see that the current social networking websites combine several of the older communication services. One of the major deficiencies with the current implementations in social networking services is their complete disregard of a hierarchy of social contacts.
(http://thesis.jasperschelling.com/thesis_jasperschelling_socialnetworkvisualization.pdf)
The current research is different in a sense that, though hierarchy might actually be too strong a word to describe the distinctions that people make in their social contacts, people make distinctions in their social interaction that drive how they interact and communicate with them. In our website we are more particular to the comments and suggestion of the users, especially to the students, their suggestion is a big help to the school administration for the improvement of the school.
According to Fred Stutzman (2007), Social network websites enable individuals to represent their social networks in a computer-mediated context. While the exact value and meaning of the social connections represented in online social networks is variable there are distinct connections between the social networks represented in a computer-mediated context and the real world of the many narratives exploring use and outcomes of social network websites, perhaps the most common explores the public sharing of personal identity information. Over the past four years, social network websites have achieved strong market penetration with a wide range of participants.
(http://fredstutzman.com/papers/ICA2007_Stutzman.pdf)
The present research is similar in a sense that Social network sites are inherently identity-centric. On a social network website, the individual serves as the core social object, around which the site orients. Common activities, such as the addition of friends, the posting of messages to the wall, or the publishing of photos can all be thought of as identity transactions. These identity transactions generally carried out in public, shape the representation of the individual’s identity as presented in the particular social network website. In essence, the shaping of the individual identity is directly tied to outcomes from use of the site.
C. Theoretical Framework of the Study
i. IPO (Input – Process – Output) INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Figure 1: The diagram implies the input-process-output of the proposed system it’s simply show the proper protocol of the proposed website. And the difference of the existing to the proposed system, how do the proposed differ from the current system used.