Slides - Drugs ver 1
Chem-127 – Impact of Chemistry – H. D. Roth
Chapter 10: Drugs, Manipulating Molecules
Everyday drugs – are we dependent?
Prescription drugs – are we dependent?
How harmful are illicit drugs?
Are “natural” herbal remedies safer than synthetic ones?
How are effective drugs designed?
HDR-F-2012
Prontosil – the first antibiotic
Prontosil, an effective antibacterial agent, belongs to the class of azo dyes, which were the first commercially produced chemicals; they effectively dyed wool fibers
(animal protein).
Because they contain N functions, the dyes were screened in vitro for antibacterial activity; of over
10,000 tested dyes none showed any antibiotic activity.
However, in vivo studies with mice, that had been infected with a bacterial culture, showed that several dyes counteracted gram-positive bacterial infections.
HDR-F-2013
Prontosil
Gerhard Domagk (Nobel Prize, 1939) was a research scientist at I. G. Farbenindustrie, a
German manufacturer of dyes and other chemicals. He carried out studies that showed
Prontosil to be an effective antibacterial agent.
When Domagk’s daughter developed a streptococcal infection (having cut her finger), and was in danger of having an arm amputated
(or worse), she was the first patient to receive prontosil and be cured by it (1935).
Prontosil received wider fame when it was used to save the life of
Franklin D. Roosevelt, Jr., son of the US president.
HDR-F-2013
infected with a bacterial culture. Several dyes were found to counteract gram-positive bacterial infections. Prontosil
NH2
O
H2 N
N
N
S
NH2
O
Prontosil
Later it was discovered that, in living organisms, Prontosil is converted to sulfanilamide, and that sulfanilamide was the actual active compound.
Sulfanilamide inhibits the synthesis of folic acid, which is an essential chemical compound for bacterial growth.
HDR-F-2013
Penicillin
bacterial infections in 1941. By 1943,
Chapter 10: Drugs, Manipulating Molecules
Everyday drugs – are we dependent?
Prescription drugs – are we dependent?
How harmful are illicit drugs?
Are “natural” herbal remedies safer than synthetic ones?
How are effective drugs designed?
HDR-F-2012
Prontosil – the first antibiotic
Prontosil, an effective antibacterial agent, belongs to the class of azo dyes, which were the first commercially produced chemicals; they effectively dyed wool fibers
(animal protein).
Because they contain N functions, the dyes were screened in vitro for antibacterial activity; of over
10,000 tested dyes none showed any antibiotic activity.
However, in vivo studies with mice, that had been infected with a bacterial culture, showed that several dyes counteracted gram-positive bacterial infections.
HDR-F-2013
Prontosil
Gerhard Domagk (Nobel Prize, 1939) was a research scientist at I. G. Farbenindustrie, a
German manufacturer of dyes and other chemicals. He carried out studies that showed
Prontosil to be an effective antibacterial agent.
When Domagk’s daughter developed a streptococcal infection (having cut her finger), and was in danger of having an arm amputated
(or worse), she was the first patient to receive prontosil and be cured by it (1935).
Prontosil received wider fame when it was used to save the life of
Franklin D. Roosevelt, Jr., son of the US president.
HDR-F-2013
infected with a bacterial culture. Several dyes were found to counteract gram-positive bacterial infections. Prontosil
NH2
O
H2 N
N
N
S
NH2
O
Prontosil
Later it was discovered that, in living organisms, Prontosil is converted to sulfanilamide, and that sulfanilamide was the actual active compound.
Sulfanilamide inhibits the synthesis of folic acid, which is an essential chemical compound for bacterial growth.
HDR-F-2013
Penicillin
bacterial infections in 1941. By 1943,