Abstract--The Smart Grid is the integration of Electrical & Digital Technologies, Information and communication which facilitates integration of business processes and systems to yield real measurable value across the power delivery chain. It is an intelligent future electricity system that connects all supply, grid and demand elements through a communication system. Smart grid delivers electricity to consumers using two-way digital technology that enable the efficient management of consumers, efficient use of the grid to identify and correct supply- demand imbalances. Smart Grid solutions enable utilities to increase energy productivity and power reliability while allowing the customers to manage the usage and costs through real time information exchange. It impacts all the components of the power system like Generation, Transmission and Distribution.
1.Introduction
According to a definition by the Department of Energy (DOE), the "smart grid" generally refers to a class of technology people are using to bring utility electricity delivery systems into the 21st century, using computer-based remote control and automation. These systems are made possible by two-way communication technology and computer processing that has been used for decades in other industries. They are beginning to be used on electricity networks, from the power plants and wind farms all the way to the consumers of electricity in homes and businesses.
The “grid” amounts to the networks that carry electricity from the plants where it is generated to consumers. The grid includes wires, substations, transformers, switches and much more. And the Smart Grid is a collection of energy control and monitoring devices, software, networking and Communications infrastructure that are installed in homes, businesses, and throughout the electricity distribution grid. smart grid means “computerizing” the electric utility grid. Each device on the network can be