Sociology notecards

What does studying race involve? Physical
Characteristics;
such as hair color, eye color, hair texture etc.

What does studying ethnicity involve? Social
Heritage/Characteristics;
such as national orgin, primary language, religion, etc. What is prejudice? A pre judgement or generalization about a group of people;unsupported by facts

What are sources of prejudice? -socialization
-stereotypes
-authoritarian personality -scapegoat
-culture -social conflict

What is discrimination? Taking action/physically doing something based upon prejudice What is institutional discrimination?

A university,corporation, or group is discriminating Define
Amalgamation

Majority racial group interacts with a minority racial group, and creates a third racial group

Define
Assimilation

When youre a member of a minority group, and you want to be accepted into a majority group

Define
Pluralism

Several races live within close proximity and get along

Segregation

A physical seperation of two races; De
Facto-People voluntarily choose to live segregated;
De Jure- Segregation based on laws

Domination

When a majority group assumes power, and takes over

Expulsion

When the majority group attempts to get rid of the minority group

Population
Transfer

A large percentage of a certain group are rounded up and shipped elsewhere Extermination
Genocide

Mass killings to destroy an entire race

Patriarchy
(Patriarchal)

Power reserved only to men; supported by legal documents and religion Sexism

An ideology thats states that men are superior to women in every endeavor

What roles involved gender stratification? -Work (Barely 20% of women worked outside home)
-Education (Women only expected to graduate high school) -Politics (Women couldn't vote until 1920)
-Housework (Woman averaged
40 hours of housework a week)

Define institutional sexism

When an institution/corporation is knowingly treating women unfairly

Define
Feminism

A social movement ensuring that women had the same oppertunites as men

Define
Family/Kinship

Structured systems of relationships in which people are bound together by ancestry, marraige or adoption

Define
Nuclear
Family

Most common family; Always 2 parents of opposite sex living with children Define Single
Parent
Family

One parent raising child

Define
Childless
Couple

Married couples that chose not to have children

Define
Domestic
Partnership

Gay/Lesbian couples in a realtionship with same equivalence of marraige

Define
Family of
Orientaiton

Family you are born into and given a particular status

What is the
Sandwich
Generation?

"Baby boomers"; People born after WWII late
40's early 50's; Forced to care for aging parents and children

Define
Polygamy

Men/Women with 2 or more spouses Define
Polyandry

When a women has 2 or more husbands Define
Polygyny

When a man has 2 or more wives

Define
Monogamy

Married to one spouse

Define
Serial
Monogamy

Several marraiges and divorces

Define
Exogamy

Selecting partner from a different background,religionn,race etc. Define
Endogamy

Selecting partner from within

What are the types of
Marraige?

-Marraige by Capture
-Marraige by consent
-Marraige by purchase -Marraige by arrangement

Define
Unilineal
Descent

Tracing ancestry through one side of family

Define
Patrilineal

Tracing decent through father's side

Define
Matrilineal

Tracing descent through mother's side

Define
Non-Unilineal
Bilateral

Tracing descent through mother and father's side

Define
Patrilocal

Newly weds living with husbands family or close by

Define
Matrilocal

Newly weds living with wife's family or close by

Define
Bilocal

Newly weds living between both husband and wife's parents

Define
Neolocal

Newly weds living far away from parents

Define
Egalitarian

Power/authority equally shared by husband and wife

Define
Matriarchy

Society in which women dominate in family decision making One out of every
2 marraiges end in divorce within
3-5 years

!!!
!!!
!!!

75% of divorce women marry again within 3-5 years Reasons for Divorce

-Poor Partner Selection -Couples putting increased emphasis on personal happiness -Increasing geographical and social mobility
-Weakening of community bonds
-Women's greater participation in labor force -Less social stima attatched to divorce -Establishment of no-fault divorce laws

80% of divorced men marry again within 3-5 years

Define
Remarraige

Reconstituted or blended family; blended families also called step families What are the
Functions of a Family?

-Regulation of sexual activity -Replacement of older societal members
-Socialization
-Intimacy/Companionship

What are the
Functions of
American
Education?

-Socialization (hidden curriculum) -Social
Integration (Education has always been highway in mainstream americal political culture) -Cultural Innovation (Most scientific research conducted at university level; Many artists/musicians recieve initial training at university level)
-Latent Funtion (Unanticipated outcome that turns out well)

What are the 2
Major Issues
Educators
face?

1) Credentials (Act 48-Teachers must earn 6 credits every 5 years;Praxis- 5 Seciton test teachers take to become certified);Background test 2)
Standardized Testing (High stakes testing; NCLB-No child left behind;
PSSA- PA system of school wide assesment ((keystone))

What is
AYP?

Adequate yearly progress

What is
Article 9?

When a state is reading the constitution and the power is not clear, the state may assume that it is a power that belongs to them

What are the
Characteristics
of Education in the USA?

-Tradition of Mass public
Education -Pragmatic
Orientation
-Decentralization/community control What are the
Characteristics
of Collective
Behavior?

-Always spontaneous
-Shortlived -Ambiguous
-Develop social norms that are weak/ambiguous -Crowds

What is a
Casual
Crowd?

Formed spontaneously;
Forms around an event that captures our attention; little interaction; shortlived

What is a
Conventional
Crowd?

People gather together for a specific purpose; follow social norms; little interaction

What is an
Expressive
Crowd?

Starts as a conventional crowd; people become emotional

What is an
Active
Crowd?

Crowds that turn into mobs; dangerous; often vent; violent and destuctive What is a
Protest
Crowd?

Can become violent or remain peaceful; has characteristics of a conventional and active crowd