RURAL URBAN DISTRIBUTION
OF POPULATION
(Provisional Population Totals)
Our Census, Our Future
DR C. CHANDRAMOULI
REGISTRAR GENERAL & CENSUS COMMISSIONER, INDIA
MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS
NEW DELHI : 15th July 2011.
Census of India 2011
• Census 2011 is the 15th Census of India since 1872
• Census 2011 was held in two phases:
• Houselisting & Housing Census
(April to September 2010)
• Population Enumeration
(9th to 28th February 2011)
• Reference Date: 0:00 Hours of 1st March 2011
• In Snow Bound areas the Population Enumeration was conducted from 11th to 30th September 2010
• Reference Date: 0:00 Hours of 1st October
2010
2
Census of India 2011
Agenda
• Release of Provisional Population Totals - Rural Urban
Distribution
• Launch of Census 2011 Dashboard
3
What is Provisional Population?
• Provisional Population is arrived at by adding the
Population as reported by each Enumerator for the
Enumeration Block assigned to her/him
• There could be errors in addition or there could be cases of omission/ duplication of Enumeration
Blocks
• The Final Population will be released next year after scanning of Census Schedules, data capture by using ICR technology and processing is completed.
4
Population (in Crore)
2001
2011 Difference
India
102.9
121.0
18.1
Rural
74.3
83.3
9.0
Urban
28.6
37.7
9.1
• For the first time since Independence, the absolute increase in population is more in urban areas that in rural areas
•
•
Rural – Urban distribution: 68.84% & 31.16%
Level of urbanization increased from 27.81% in 2001 Census to
31.16% in 2011 Census
• The proportion of rural population declined from 72.19% to 68.84%
Growth Rate of Population (in %)
1991-2001
2001-2011
Difference
India
21.5
17.6
-3.9
Rural
18.1
12.2
-5.9
Urban
31.5
31.8
+0.3
The slowing down of the overall growth rate of population is due to the sharp decline in the growth rate in rural areas, while the growth rate in urban areas remains almost the same.
Growth Rate of Population (in %)
1991-2001
2001-2011
Difference
EAG
25.0
20.9
-4.1
Rural
23.5
18.7
-4.8
Urban
31.6
29.9
-1.7
Non EAG
18.9
15.0
-3.9
Rural
13.2
5.7
-7.5
Urban
31.5
32.7
+1.2
Though the growth rate of population in rural areas of EAG States is nearly 3 times that in rural areas in non EAG States, it is for the first time that significant fall of growth rate is seen in the rural areas of EAG States
Sex Ratio
2001
2011
Difference
Overall
India
933
940
+7
Rural
946
947
+1
Urban
900
926
+26
India
927
914
-13
Rural
934
919
-15
Urban
906
902
-4
0-6 years
• The improvement in overall sex ratio is largely in urban areas
• Though the Urban Child sex ratio is far worse than in the rural areas, the fall in Child sex ratio in rural areas is around 4 times that in urban areas. In fact the decline is more gradual in urban areas.
• There is a decline of 8.9 million children in Rural areas, while in Urban areas has shown increase of 3.9 million.
Literacy Rates (in %)
2001
2011
Difference
Overall
India
64.8
74.0
+9.2
Rural
58.7
68.9
+10.2
Urban
79.9
85.0
+5.1
• The improvement in literacy rate in rural area is two times that in urban areas • The rural urban literacy gap which was 21.2 percentage points in 2001, has come down to 16.1 percentage points in 2011
Literacy Rate (in %)
2001
2011
Difference
India
75.3
82.1
+6.8
Rural
70.7
78.6
+7.9
Urban
86.3
89.7
+3.4
India
53.7
65.5
+11.8
Rural
46.1
58.8
+12.7
Urban
72.9
79.9
+7.0
Males
Females
• Improvement in female literacy is more than males in both rural and urban areas
• The gender gap in literacy has come down from 24.6 in 2001 to 19.8 in 2011 in rural areas and from 13.4 in 2001 to 9.8 in 2011 in urban areas
Definition
- Rural & Urban Areas
• Urban Unit (or Town):
•
All places with a municipality, corporation, cantonment board or notified town area committee, etc. (known as
Statutory Town)
•
All other places which satisfied the following criteria
(known as Census Town):
A minimum population of 5,000;
At least 75 per cent of the male main workers engaged in non-agricultural pursuits; and
A density of population of at least 400 per sq. km.
11
Number of Urban Units – India
•
Towns:
•
5,161
•
•
Census 2001
Census 2011
7,935
Statutory Towns:
•
Census 2001
3,799
•
•
Increase: 2,774
Census 2011
4,041
Increase:
242
Increase:
2,532
Census Towns:
•
Census 2001
1,362
•
Census 2011
3,894
12
Rural Areas
• All areas which are not categorized as Urban area are considered as Rural Area
• Number of Rural Units (or Villages) in India:
•
Villages:
•
Census 2001
6,38,588
•
Census 2011
6,40,867
Increase: 2,279
13
Indicators
• Population by Rural Urban Residence by sex
• Population (0 to 6 years) by Rural Urban Residence by sex
• Number of literates by Rural Urban Residence by sex Derived from above:
• Sex ratio
[Females per thousand males]
• Sex ratio (0-6)
[Girls (0-6 yrs) per thousand
boys]
• Literacy rate
[Persons (7years and above) who
can read and write with understanding]
14
Population by
Rural & Urban
Residence
Population by Rural
Urban Residence –
India - 2011
Persons:
• Total :
1,210,193,422
• Rural:
833,087,662
• Urban:
377,105,760
Rural Urban Distribution
Persons (in %):
• Total :
100.0 %
• Rural:
68.84 %
• Urban:
31.16 %
16
Source: Census 2011 – Provisional Population Totals - India
Population Highlights
• Out of the total of 1210.2 million population in India, the size of Rural population is 833.1 million (or
68.84% of the Total Population)
• Urban population 377.1 million (or 31.16%)
• During 2001 – 2011 the population of the country increased by 181.4 million
• Increase in Rural areas: 90.4 million
• Increase in Urban areas: 91.0 million
17
Source: Census 2011 – Provisional Population Totals - India
Rural Population in States@
Top Three States:
Absolute
Share*
155.11 million
18.6%
• Bihar:
92.07 million
11.1%
• West Bengal:
62.21 million
7.5%
• Uttar Pradesh:
Bottom Three States:
• Sikkim
0.45 million
0.1%
• Mizoram
0.52 million
0.1%
• Goa
0.55 million
0.1%
Note: * - Share to total Rural Population in the country.
@ - Excludes UTs.
Source: Census 2011 – Provisional Population Totals - India
18
Urban Population in States@
Top Three States:
Absolute
Share*
• Maharashtra
50.8 million
13.5%
• Uttar Pradesh
44.4 million
11.8%
• Tamil Nadu
34.9 million
9.3%
• Sikkim
0.15 million
Negligible
• Arunachal Pradesh
0.31 million
0.1%
• Mizoram
0.56 million
0.1%
Bottom Three States:
Note: * - Share to total Urban Population in the country.
@ - Excludes UTs.
Source: Census 2011 – Provisional Population Totals - India
19
Trends in Rural Urban Distribution of Population
- India (in %) (1901, 1951, 2011)
1901
CENSUS
India
89.2
2011
CENSUS
India
10.8
68.8
1951
CENSUS
31.2
India
82.7
17.3
Rural
Urban
20
Variation in Rural Population from 2001 to
2011 Censuses - INDIA
• During 2001-11 the growth of Rural Population has been 12.18%
• Growth in Rural Population in India is steadily declining since 1991
• Meghalaya (27%) & Bihar (24%) witnessed largest growth among
States in 2001-11
• Four States recorded decline in Rural Population during 2001-11.
These are Kerala (by 26%), Goa (19%), Nagaland (15%) &
Sikkim (5%).
Source: Census 2011 – Provisional Population Totals - India
21
Growth Rates (Rural)
India, EAG & Non-EAG States
• General decline in Rural
Growth Rate among all the three categories during the last decade
2001-11
25
• Whereas Non-EAG States have shown decline in growth since 1971-81, the EAG States have declined only during the last decade.
17
21
19
21.88
20.64
22.74
21.86
20.85
19.26
22.40
20.31
19.32
18.47
20.04
18.09
18.72
India
17.98
EAG
States
15
13
13.22
12.18
11
NonEAG
States
9
7
19912001
19811991
19711981
19611971
5
20012011
5.73
19511961
• The Growth in Rural
Areas in Non-EAG States during 2001-11 has sharply declined to
5.71%.
23
23.47
EAG States are Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Orissa
Source: Census 2011 – Provisional Population Totals - India
22
Variation in Urban Population from 2001 to 2011 Censuses - India
• There has been a spurt in growth of population in Urban areas in the country, which could be due to:
• Migration
• Natural increase and
• Inclusion of new areas under ‘Urban’
• More than 30% growth in Urban population in States, viz.,
Sikkim (153%), Kerala (93%), Tripura (76%) is significant.
23
Growth Rates (Urban)
India, EAG & Non-EAG States
65
60
58.75
55
50
India
46.14
45
40
39.19
EAG States
38.51
37.85
41.09
36.44
38.23
35
35.50
31.60
31.51
31.80
32.66
30
31.47
26.99
25
Non-EAG
States
29.92
26.41
24.97
2001-2011
1991-2001
1981-1991
1971-1981
1961-1971
1951-1961
20
EAG States are Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Orissa
Source: Census 2011 – Provisional Population Totals - India
24
Percentage share of Urban Population in
Total Population – India, 2001 & 2011
INDIA
2001
INDIA
2011
25
Child Population (0-6 years)
26
Child Population (0-6 years)
• The Child Population in India declined by 5.0 million (or
– 3.0 %) between 2001 and 2011
• This is due to the sharp decline of 8.9 million (or –
7.0%) in child population in Rural areas
• In Urban areas, the child population increased by 3.9 million (or +10.3 %)
• In 28 States/UTs there is a decline in the proportion of
Child Population in Rural Areas between 2001 & 2011
Censuses
• In one UT there is a similar decline in the Urban Areas.
27
Source: Census 2011 – Provisional Population Totals - India
Child Population (0-6) by Residence
India (1961 – 2011)
180
163.8
160
150.4
Child Population (in million)
140
115.7
120
100
80
158.8
124.2
126.5
116.8
95.3
95.2
117.6
Total
97.6
Rural
Urban
80.7
60
40
20
15.7
20.5
26.6
33.6
37.3
41.2
0
1961
1971
1981
1991
2001
2011
Census year
28
Gender Composition Sex Ratio
29
Gender Composition of Population by Residence – India 2001 - 2011
2001
Indicator
Population
(in m)
2011
Proportion
(in %)
Population
(in m)
Proportion (in
%)
Rural:
Males
381.7
51.4
427.9
51.4
Females
360.9
48.6
405.1
48.6
Sex ratio
946
947
Urban:
Males
150.6
52.6
195.8
51.9
Females
135.6
47.4
181.3
48.1
Sex ratio
900
926
30
Sex Ratio
• Visibility of women has increased both in Rural and Urban areas. • The Sex Ratio in the country has risen from 933 in 2001 to
940 in 2011
• For Rural Areas in the country as a whole there has been an increase by only 1 point from 946 in 2001 to 947 in 2011
• In Urban areas there has been an appreciable gain of 26 points from 900 in 2001 to 926 in 2011
• In 10 States & UTs Urban Sex Ratio is higher than the Rural
Sex Ratio in Census 2011. This includes Tamil Nadu, Kerala and NCT Delhi.
31
Source: Census 2011 – Provisional Population Totals - India
Gender Composition
(0-6 yrs) - Sex Ratio
32
Gender Composition of Population (0-6) by Residence – India 2001 - 2011
2001
Indicator
Population
(in m)
2011
Proportion
(in %)
Population
(in m)
Proportion (in
%)
Rural:
Males
65.42
51.7
61.29
52.1
Females
61.07
48.3
56.30
47.9
Sex ratio
934
919
Urban:
Males
19.59
52.5
21.67
52.6
Females
17.76
47.5
19.54
48.3
Sex ratio
906
902
33
Child Sex Ratio (0-6)
• The Child Sex Ratio (0-6) in the country in Census
2011 has recorded as the lowest since 1961 Census at
914.
• It has declined by 13 points from 927 in 2001
• In Rural areas the fall is significant (-15 points) from
934 in 2001 to 919 in 2011
• In Urban areas the decline is limited to 4 points from
906 in 2001 to 902 in 2011.
34
Source: Census 2011 – Provisional Population Totals - India
Status of Literacy
35
Number of Literates – Census 2011
• The number of Literates in India is 778.5 million
• Rural : 493.0 million
• Urban : 285.4 million
• There has been an increase of 217.8 million literates since last Census in 2001
• Out of this, 131.1 million were in Rural areas and 86.6 million in Urban areas
36
Source: Census 2011 – Provisional Population Totals - India
Literacy Rate - Census 2011
Residence
Sex
2001
2011
Change
Rural
Persons
58.74
68.91
+ 10.17
Males
70.70
78.57
+ 7.87
Females
46.13
58.75
+ 12.62
Persons
79.92
84.98
+ 5.06
Males
86.27
89.67
+ 3.4
Females
72.86
79.92
+ 7.06
Urban
37
Source: Census 2011 – Provisional Population Totals - India
Literacy Rate : Rural – Census 2011
• Pace of increase in Female
Literacy Rate is perceptibly higher in Rural areas.
90
70.70
70
• It has increased from
46.13% in 2001 to
58.75% in 2011
50
40
30
37.49
26.49
42.98
26.12
26.91
46.13
Females
30.17
24.57
26.79
20
10
48.26
11.00
16.86
Males
58.75
56.96
60
Percent
• Gender gap in Literacy
Rate has narrowed down considerably over the
Censuses but continue to be high (19.81).
78.57
80
19.82
21.35
0
1961
1971
1981
1991
2001
2011
Male-Female gap in literacy rate Census year
• This gap is largest in
Rajasthan (31.2 points)
Source: Census 2011 – Provisional Population Totals - India
38
Literacy Rate: Urban – Census 2011
• There has been a consistent increase in both Male & Female
Literacy Rate in Urban areas 90
80
70
70.77
74.64
81.09
78.56
30
89.67
Males
72.86
50
40
86.27
79.92
60
43.75
27.02
20
Percent
• The steady increase in the Female Literacy Rate has reduced the gender gap significantly
100
52.54
22.10
64.05
58.07
20.49
17.04
Females
13.41
10
9.75
0
1961
1971
1981
1991
2001
Male-Female gap in literacy rate 2011
Census year
39
Source: Census 2011 – Provisional Population Totals - India
Thank you http://www.censusindia.gov.in
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