The Endocrine System

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CHAPTER 18
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

Identify the endocrine glands and their hormones.
 Gain an understanding of the functions of these hormones in the body.
 Analyze medical terms related to the endocrine glands and their hormones.
 Identify abnormal conditions resulting from excessive and deficient secretions of the endocrine glands.
 Describe laboratory tests and clinical procedures related to endocrinology, and recognize relevant abbreviations.  Apply your new knowledge to understanding medical terms in their proper contexts, such as medical reports and records.
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INTRODUCTION
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Glands release hormones.
 Hormones regulate the many and varied functions of an organism.
 Hormones bind to receptors.
 Receptors are recognition sites in the various target tissues on which hormones act.
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INTRODUCTION
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
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ENDOCRINE glands—
Secrete their hormones directly into the bloodstream EXOCRINE glands—
Send chemical substances (tears, sweat, milk, saliva) via ducts to the outside of the body 2

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ENDOCRINE GLANDS thyroid gland
 parathyroid glands (four glands)
 adrenal glands (one pair)
 pancreas (islets of Langerhans)
 pituitary gland
 ovaries (one pair)
 testes (one pair)
 pineal gland
 thymus gland
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How are endocrine glands different from exocrine glands?

THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

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THYROID GLAND

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THYROID FUNCTION
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There are two hormones:
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thyroxine or tetraiodothyronine (T4) triiodothyronine (T3).

Thyroid hormones aid cells in their uptake of oxygen and regulate metabolic rate.
 Calcitonin: stimulates calcium to leave the blood and enter the bone.
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What are some of the hormones secreted by the thyroid gland?

THYROID GLAND: HORMONES

AND

ACTIONS

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PARATHYROID GLAND

PARATHYROID GLANDS

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PARATHYROID FUNCTION