In this poignant passage from "Indian Horse," Richard Wagamese masterfully delves into the multifaceted nature of relationships within Indigenous communities, focusing on the deeply resonant bond between Saul Indian Horse and his great-grandfather, Shabogeesick. Through Saul's introspective narration, Shabogeesick emerges as a towering figure imbued with spiritual wisdom and ancestral knowledge, serving as both a mentor and a guardian of traditional teachings. Saul's reverence for his great-grandfather not only reflects the profound respect ingrained within Indigenous cultures for elders but also underscores the profound impact of intergenerational connections on individual identity formation. Furthermore, Shabogeesick's journey to visit their…
18. They rode into battles that hinged on the duels of champions, represented heroic warfare…
13) Describe the complex relationship between pastoral peoples and their farming neighbors from page 63.…
In some South Pacific cultures, a form of circumcision takes place when a boy reaches adolescence.…
The chapter The Ways of Our Grandmothers reviews many traditional native beliefs. Dealing with many aspects in tribal myth, tradition, and ritual, it shows many parallels between different native practices and acknowledges the “matriarchal” society was largely dominant before the Europeans came to America. The reoccurring theme or idea I kept reading was that in the beginning there was Thought Woman, and from her other Woman spirits and then humans came.…
Animism is the belief that nonhuman entities possess spiritual power. People need to perform rituals to appease these guardian spirits in order to ensure successful hunt, productive yield and good fortune. Women and men interact differently with these spiritual forces: women grow crops, maintain hearth, home, village and link their bodies’ generative functions with earth’s fertility; men hunt and war with rituals performed before, during and after every hunt to make sure the animal’s spirit rests.…
In the mid-nineteenth century a girl named Ni-bo-wi-se-gwe (Oona) was born in pitch darkness in the middle of the day when the sun and moon crossed paths. The book Night Flying Woman by Ignatia Broker is biography of Broker’s great-great-grandmother, Oona. It describes Oona’s life through what Broker has learned from her grandparents when they passed down the stories. In the book, one of the main themes is passing traditions on. I chose this theme because in the book, passing traditions on is major part of the characters’ culture. Passing traditions on is a practice that is important to many cultures and it effectively connects generations of people through experiences and stories.…
Balch argues that in incorporating the household codes into the NT, the authors employed what he calls a ‘selective inculturation.’ In this ‘selective inculturation’, the NT authors borrowed and adapted cultural traits from the donor culture, including even a model for family life.” “Balch argues that one of the most striking similarities between the NT texts and those having an Aristotelian influence was the teaching regarding the three-pairs of relationships: wife-husband, children-father (parents), and slaves-master. This is claimed to be a key identifier of the household management…
In Evans-Pritchard’s, The Nuer, the text is an examination of the political structure of a society that is seemingly without political institutions, in simpler terms, how they maintain order (Evans-Pritchard 1940:4). In order to understand the political realities of their society, the author, explores other questions about Nuer life, such as: how they subsist, interact with their environment, as well as noting how the Nuer identify kinship patterns among themselves. The following essay seeks to summarize the answers given to the questions presented, evaluate the data in support of those answers, analyze the organization of the text, and finally reflect on the effectiveness of Evans-Pritchard’s seminal work. In regard to answering his questions about…
(All Bible references in this paper come from the New King James Version of the Bible, except where clearly noted by the student).…
When Mortenson is in the village of Korphe, he wants to better understand the beliefs of the people because he values other cultures. Mortenson spent his early years in Tanzania; this is the first place he would have seen diverse cultures and learned to appreciate cultures different from his own. When the chief orders that a ram be slaughtered, Mortenson sees how the villagers consume the food, and he realizes that they have just given him a large sacrifice after meeting him. He can see that they value any life, even a stranger’s. As Mortenson continues to visit the region, he tries to understand the Muslim prayers and customs of haggling as he searches for building supplies. He also buys customary clothing of a Pakistani man on the advice of the guard at his hotel. He shows that he cannot be ignorant or pompous and follow his American culture in this land. He must respect the customs to be taken seriously.…
The landowners take away a lot from the Okies, but “the little screaming fact that sounds through all history: repression works only to strengthen and knit the repressed.” (end of 19). The Joads have come to see what is really important in life, the one constant, each other. The Joads know they should take out their hate on the repressor, not fellow victims. Furthermore, the property owners actions have perpetuated the compassion to fellow workers. When in trouble, the people to stand up and help are the ones who know the feeling. Throughout the novel the Joads struggle, but the hardships “knits” them closer to each other. Outsiders expect the repressed workers to selfishly fight for their own food and resources, but instead the repressed join together because they been through similar conditions. The Joads know pain of other pickers, so repression creates a compassion for repressed strangers. In the last scene of the novel, The Joads find a young boy and his dying father. The starving man needs milk because he is unable to chew or swallow food, but neither the Joads or the boy are able to afford it. So, to save the mans life Rose of Sharon’s, “hand moved behind his head and supported it. Her fingers moved gently in his hair. She looked up and across the barn, and her lips came together and smiled mysteriously.” (538). Rose of Sharon performs a selfless, intimate act with a complete stranger for the life of a man she does not know. With the miscarriage of her baby, disappearance of her husband, and past inability to help work, Rose of Sharon feels important and proud of herself for the first time in a while. Repressed people with nothing are more willing to share because all they have is each other. Although The Joads may feel as if the land owners have everything, they do not have a group of supporters like the dying man does. Additionally, when…
Witchcraft, for the Azande is 'ubiquitous' (Evans-Pritchard, 18), it is ever present in all aspects of their life, from 'fishing' to their 'technology and language' (Evans-Pritchard, 18). Evans-Pritchard explores the affect witchcraft holds over the sub Saharan tribe of Zande. In the reading he comes up with two purposes that witchcraft hold in society. The first one being the "relation between men and unfortunate events" (Evans-Pritchard, 18) and the second one is the belief that it "regulates human conduct" (Evans-Pritchard, 18). These beliefs may seem irrational at first, but upon further reading we realize that such beliefs prevail among other cultures as well, as this paper will discuss later.…
Ayrout and Blackman, both enter the peasant community to study how they live and what kind of lives they have. Each one of them has his own research that sometimes this might contradict with the other. However, most of the times, both of their works are in agreement with one another. Ayrout talks about how family is important to the fellah, especially a huge family. ?Each house contains a large family including very often ?.four or five children, a grandmother or a grandfather.? In addition, he explains how marriage issues and life after marriage are tackled. Blackman also devotes a great deal of space for women?s issues, outlining the strict punishment of women who are implicated in sexual relations before marriage and…
Mr. David carries out this sacrilegious act in front of some villagers who are members of his congregation and gets away with it. Thus, he demonstrates the falsehood behind the sacredness of the ‘Odan’ tree. “The spirit of the god of the village” fails to retaliate to sheer provocation on the part of a stranger to the village. Consequently, this Missionary ridicules, despises and pours shame on African gods for the sake of “the Lord Jesus [who according to the Christians’ gospel] is the way and the life.” (Aluko 5). It is here the problem of the encounter between self and others; the propagandists of the new religion stand as “self” and auto proclaim their faith as the true faith and the others as false ones. Since Christianity is introduced side by side with colonialism, for some villagers to adhere to the new faith is to be near the new masters. This promiscuity with colonisers allows some of them to become monthly wage earners. They no longer work on village farms they earn their living by working in “the Lord’s Vineyard” (Aluko…