Toefl test 1

TOEFL TEST 1

INDEX

I.

WRITING .......................................................................................................... 2

II. SPEAKING ........................................................................................................ 5
III.

READING ......................................................................................................8

DEER POPULATIONS OF THE PUGET SOUND ..............................................8
CAVE ART IN EUROPE .................................................................................. 15
PETROLEUM RESOURCES ............................................................................22
IV. LISTENING......................................................................................................29

1

I.

WRITING

1. Directions: Give yourself 3 minutes to read the passage.
Reading Time: 3 minutes

Endotherms are animals such as modern birds and mammals that keep their body temperatures constant. For instance, humans are endotherms and maintain an internal temperature of 37°C, no matter whether the environment is warm or cold. Because dinosaurs were reptiles, and modern reptiles are not endotherms, it was long assumed that dinosaurs were not endotherms. However, dinosaurs differ in many ways from modern reptiles, and there is now considerable evidence that dinosaurs were, in fact, enclotherms, Polar dinosaurs
One reason for believing that dinosaurs were endotherms is that dinosaur fossils have been discovered in polar regions. Only animals that can maintain a temperature well above that of the surrounding environment could be active in such cold climates.
Leg position and movement
There is a connection between endothermy and the position and movement of the legs.
The physiology of endothermy allows sustained physical activity, such as running. But running is efficient only if an animal's legs are positioned underneath its body, not at
the