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Ökosystem Als Einheit Von Biotop Und Biozönose

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Ökosystem Als Einheit Von Biotop Und Biozönose
Ökosystem als Einheit von Biotop und Biozönose

Ökosystem:
Die Lebewesen in einem Ökosystem sind voneinander abhängig und beeinflussen sich gegenseitig.

Biotop:
Lebensraum von bestimmten Pflanzen und Tieren (z.B. Teich, See, Wald, Meer, Bahndamm, ...).
Jedes Biotop hat bestimmte Umweltmerkmale: Boden, Luft, Wasser, Licht, Temperatur = abiotische Umweltfaktoren/unbelebte Umweltfaktoren

Biozönose:
Wechselbeziehungen von Tieren und Pflanzen in einem Biotop. Es sind voneinander abhängige Lebensgemeinschaften = Biotische Umweltfaktoren/ belebte Umweltfaktoren

Die Beeinflussung der Lebewesen untereinander geht soweit, das sie ihre Anzahl regulieren – es stellt sich ein biologisches Gleichgewicht ein. a) je mehr desto mehr (+( +) b) je weniger desto weniger (- ( -) c) je mehr desto weniger (+( -) d) je weniger desto mehr (-( +)

Die Lebensgemeinschaften in einem Ökosystem

1. Produzenten = Erzeuger: Pflanzen, die Biomasse herstellen 2. Konsumenten = Verbraucher: Tiere (Pflanzen- und Fleischfresser), Mensch 3. Destruenten (= tierische Organismen, die sich von toten, organischen Substanzen ernähren) und Reduzenten (= Pilze und Bakterien, die totes, organisches Material mineralisieren)

Zwischen den Produzenten, Konsumenten, Destruenten und Reduzenten gibt es Nahrungsbeziehungen in Form von Nahrungsketten ( Eichel ( Eichhörnchen ( Baummarder ( Habicht ( Pilz) und Nahrungenetzen.

Stofflicher Kreislauf in der Natur

Produzenten

(
Konsumenten (1. , 2. , 3. , ...Ordnung) (
Destruenten/ Reduzenten

Die Produzenten sind die autotrophen Organismen. Sie stehen immer am Anfang einer Nahrungskette.
Die Konsumenten sind alle sich heterotroph ernährenden Konsumenten.
Primärkonsumenten = Pflanzenfresser
Sekundärkonsumenten = Fleischfresser
Gipfelkonsumenten = Endkonsumenten
Destruenten = tierische Organismen, die sich von toter organischer Substanz ernähren und diese zerkleinern (z.B. Falllaub und

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