‘Failure’ refers to when something does not work, or stops working as well as it should / in other words cannot achieve the desired results / goals. The 1911 Revolution only modernized the political system of China
Fail to achieve the other two goals of ‘Three People’s Principles’
They are: Principals of democracy and socialism
Fail in building up real democracy and political and social stability in China
Internally
• Yuan Shikai became the first president of the new republic in 1912
• Yuan can force his will on the people
• Yuan attempted to restore monarchy in 1916 but failed due to the rising and expansion of the Campaign to Defend the Republic started by Sun
• Struggles between Yuan and the revolutionaries during 1912-1916
• However Yuan’s death in 1916 led to the rise of warlords and the warlord era began from 1916 to 1928
• No strong central government to maintain law and order
• Wars broke out between warlords were frequent
• Which was the darkest period in the history in modern China
Fail to improve people’s livelihood
• The government did not provide socio-economic reforms which was most needed at that time
Economic backwardness
• Warlords impose heavy taxes on peasants and forced them to join the army
• People still suffer a lot