Cost of equity refers to a shareholder’s required rate of return on an equity investment. It is the rate of return that could have been earned by putting the same money into a different investment with equal risk. How It Works/Example: The cost of equity is the rate of return required to persuade an investor to make a given equity investment. In general‚ there are two ways to determine cost of equity. First is the dividend growth model: Cost of Equity = (Next Year’s Annual Dividend /
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Brand extension & brand stretching The two options for doing this are usually called “brand extension” and “brand stretching”. Brand extension Brand extension is a strategy in which a firm launches a new or modified product with a well-developed image by using the established brand name in a same broad market. Organizations use this strategy to increase and leverage brand equity (definition: the net worth and long-term sustainability just from the renowned name). An example of a brand extension is Jello-gelatin
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MODEL QUESTION PAPER 2013-14 MATHEMATICS CLASS –X Time allowed : 3 hours Maximum Marks :90 General Instructions: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) All questions are compulsory. The question paper consists of 34 questions divided into four sections A‚B‚C and D . Section A comprises of 8 questions of 1 mark each ‚ section B comprises of 6 questions of 2 marks each‚ section C comprises of 10 questions of 3 marks each and section D comprises 10 questions of 4 marks each. Questions numbers 1 to 8 in section
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A Project Report On “TO STUDY OF EQUITY VALUATION ON INDIAN CEMENT INDUSTRY” Submitted To: Bhulabhai Vanmalibhai Patel Institute of Business Management‚ Computer & Information Technology‚ Gopal Vidyanagar. Submitted By: BHAVINI SHAH T.Y BBA- I 09 BBA 11 Acknowledgement I wish to express my sincere thanks to Dr. Poonam Mittal‚ Director of Bhulabhai Vanmalibhai Patel Institute of Business Management‚ Computer & Information Technology‚ Gopal Vidyanagar‚ Tarsadi‚ who gave me the chance
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the Role and Relevance of the Wine Brand in the Creation of Value in the Wine Industry Abstract This essay will first of all discuss the definition or content of brand and wine brand‚ then clarity values that it can be created. Next‚ the essay will cover the function of wine brand or how it achieves creating value. Finally‚ the importance of position of wine brand in value creation will be discussed. Key words brand‚ brand value ‚brand equity‚ value creation‚ wine industry Table of Contents
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ScienceDirect Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jretconser A model of consumer’s retail atmosphere perceptions Steven W. Rayburn 1‚ Kevin E. Voss n Spears School of Business‚ Oklahoma State University‚ Stillwater‚ OK 74078‚ United States a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Available online 12 February 2013 The authors propose a new model of the effects of four perceived atmosphere constructs on hedonic and utilitarian shopping evaluations. Survey
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throws glimpse on the important aspect of the Equity and trust-‘CONCEPT OF EQUITY’. The law relating to equity is largely built on precedent. The rules have been built upon by previous situations which they have dealt with. Equity" may generally be defined as the correction of a defect or error in the law. This idea is apparently of ancient origin‚ tracing back at least as far as Aristotle‚ who defined equity as an exception to the rule where the lawgiver ’s pronouncement is defective and erroneous.
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IMPACT OF BRAND SWITCHING‚ BRAND CREDIBILITY‚ CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AND SERVICE QUALITY ON BRAND LOYALTY Rizwan Arshad1‚ Idrees Akbar2‚ Abdul Muqtadir3‚ Urooj shafique4‚ Hafsa Zia5‚ Waheed Naseer6‚ Shoaib Ahmad Amin7 1(Faculty Member‚ Department of Management Sciences Islamia University of Bahawalpur‚ Pakistan) 2(Student‚ Department of Management Sciences Islamia University of Bahawalpur‚ Pakistan) 3(Student‚ Department of Management Sciences Islamia University of Bahawalpur‚ Pakistan) 4(Student
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Journal of Product & Brand Management Emerald Article: The relationship of consumer personality trait‚ brand personality and brand loyalty: an empirical study of toys and video games buyers Long-Yi Lin Article information: To cite this document: Long-Yi Lin‚ (2010)‚"The relationship of consumer personality trait‚ brand personality and brand loyalty: an empirical study of toys and video games buyers"‚ Journal of Product & Brand Management‚ Vol. 19 Iss: 1 pp. 4 - 17 Permanent link to this document:
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Page 1 of 8 ANZMAC 2009 Vertical Brand Extensibility: A Conceptual Framework Nicolas Pontes‚ Monash University‚ nicolas.pontes@buseco.monash.edu.au Colin Jevons‚ Monash University‚ colin.jevons@buseco.monash.edu.au Abstract Brand extension have been discussed to a great extent during the past two decades‚ however‚ most of the work has focused horizontal extensions and little attention has been payed to vertical brand extension. To fulfil this imbalance of existing knowledge‚ in this article
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