Theories That Seek To Define and Explain Agency. 1) Power Liability Theory - Agency exist when a person acquires the power to alter the P’s legal relations with a T so that onlt the P can sue or be sued by the T - Issue: It focuses on external rather than internal aspect of agency. Furthermore some agencies do not fall into that definition i.e. Estate Agents 2) Consent Theory - Agency is a fiduciary rship that arises when a principal manifests assent to another person (A) that the A should act on
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Absorption and Variable Costing‚ Inventory Management Absorption and Variable costing are very important tools for cost accounting. Both of these costing methods allow you to see the cost of your inventory‚ in a different way. For example the absorption method allows you to assign all costs to the product‚ while variable costing allows only variable costs to be assigned to the product. Inventory management is extremely important as well because it ties into efficiency and lowering your costs
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Absorption Costing vs. Variable (Direct) Costing Absorption cost systems are widely used to prepare financial accounts. These systems are designed to absorb all production costs (variable or fixed) into costs of units produced. Absorption costs techniques allow manufacturing costs to be traced and allocated into product costs. There are different types of absorption costing systems: job order costing‚ process costing‚ and ABC costing. In job order costing‚ costs are assigned to products in batches
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Kaizen Costing A Report Kaizen Costing The ultimate objective of manufacturing industries today is to increase productivity through system simplification‚ organizational potential and incremental improvements by using modern techniques like Kaizen. Most of the manufacturing industries are currently encountering a necessity to respond to rapidly changing customer needs‚ desires and tastes. For industries‚ to remain competitive and retain market share in this global market‚ continuous improvement
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Content 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Definition of Target Costing 1 1.2 Historical Background 2 1.3 Objectives of Target Costing 3 2 Target Costing Principles 4 2.1 Price Led Costing 4 2.2 Customer Focus 4 2.3 Design Focus 5 2.4 Cross-Functional Involvement 5 2.5 Life Cycle Cost 5 3 Distinguishing Target Costing from Traditional Cost Management 6 4 Setting up a Target Costing Management 8 4.1 Fundamental Work 8 4.2 Systems of Managing Target Costing 8 4.3 Principles of Target Costing 9 4.4
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indirect‚ fixed 280 Other production overheads: variable 400 Other production overheads: fixed 640 Selling overheads: variable 480 Selling overheads: fixed 360 Distribution overheads: variable 280 Distribution overheads: fixed 120 Administration overheads: fixed 600 (5‚720) Net profit for the year 1‚480 Anhad is planning next year’s activity and its forecasts for the year ended 31 October 2014 are as follows: 1. A reduction in selling price per car
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CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY. The impact of manufacturing sector on the economic growth and development of any country cannot be overemphasized. This is because of its capacity to generate employment opportunities for various growths in the economy. Foreign exchange earnings‚ improvement of the economic wellbeing of the entire population etc. however‚ the survival of the manufacturing sector depends largely on varieties of factor among which include the availability of
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Explain the meaning of law and morality. Discuss whether the law does and should seek to uphold moral principles. (30 marks + 5 marks for AO3). Laws and morals are quite similar in some ways but they also have their differences. Law is best described as rules made by authority. John Austin defined law as a command from a sovereign power‚ law needs to be obeyed and is enforced through sanctions. Morality on the other hand is values and principles as opposed to rules. Phil Harris defines a society’s
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Kaizen Costing What is Kaizen costing? Kaizen is a Japanese term that means continuous improvement. Kaizen events can be defined as making improvements through a process that emphasize small incremental amounts rather than large or radical improvement. Therefore in order to achieve this kaizen costing not include only continuous cost reduction but also continuous improvement of performance by increase the efficiency throughout the process. Why we need Kaizen costing? Market prices of a product
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Birmingham Bowling Ball Company (BBBC) uses a job-order costing system to accumulate manufacturing costs. The company’s work-in-process on December 31‚ 20x3‚ consisted of one job (no. 3088)‚ which was carried on the year-end balance sheet at $78‚400. There was no finished-goods inventory on this date. BBBC applies manufacturing overhead to production on the basis of direct-labor cost. Budgeted totals for 20x4 for direct labor and manufacturing overhead are $2‚100‚000 and $2‚730‚000‚ respectively
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