Cost Theory in Economics A central economic concept is that getting something requires giving up something else. For example‚ earning more money may require working more hours‚ which costs more leisure time. Economists use cost theory to provide a framework for understanding how individuals and firms allocate resources in such a way that keeps costs low and benefits high. 1. Function * Economists view costs as what an individual or firm must give up to get something else. Opening a
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The progress in the development of theoretical nursing is definable in terms of seven stages. Each of this stage has helped nurses come close to identifying the domain of nursing‚ to defining its mission‚ and defining its theoretical base. The development of the discipline of nursing is tied to its theoretical development. Without its development‚ the practice of nursing would remain to where Florence Nightingale left it – in the stage of practice. a. Stage of Practice‚ Apprenticeship and Service
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WIRELESS NETWORK SECURITY – HOW SECURE IS IT? by Chris Bradley ITT Technical Institute Information Systems Security student November 23‚ 2010 Dr. French: This report on “Wireless Network Security” is submitted in accordance with your assignment for November 23‚ 2010. Sincerely‚ Chris Bradley ABSTRACT For this project‚ I asked the question “is wireless network protection truly safe?” My literature search led me to conclude that‚ if consumers use the most up-to-date
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The Cost of Turnover Putting a Price on the Learning Curve by Timothy R. Hinkin and J.BruceTracey Employee turnover does more than reduce service quality and damage employee moraleit hits a hotels pocketbook. E mployee turnover has long been a concern of the hospitality industry‚ and therefore of researchers who examine industry human-resources concerns. One stream of research that arose in the past 20 years was an effort to quantify the cost of employee turnover. Although most managers
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COST ANALYSIS OBJECTIVES INTRODUCTION MEANING DEFINITIONS TYPES OF COSTS MONETARY COSTS REAL COSTS OPPORTUNITY COSTS ECONOMIC COSTS ACCOUNTING COSTS INCREMENTAL COSTS SUNK COSTS FUTURE COSTS PRIVATE‚ EXTERNAL AND SOCIAL COSTS FIXED / SUPPLEMENTARY / OVERHEAD COSTS VARIABLE / PRIME COSTS REPLACEMENT COSTS PRODUCTION COSTS SELLING COSTS CONTROLLABLE COSTS DIRECT COSTS INDIRECT COSTS SHORT RUN COSTS CURVES LONG RUN COSTS CURVES OBJECTIVES To understand the meaning of cost. To discuss different types
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Q1: explicit costs and implicit costs concepts Explicit Cost Explicit cost is defined as the direct payment which is supposed to be made to others while running business. This includes the wages‚ rents or materials which are due in the contract. The explicit cost is the expense done in business which can easily be identified and accounted for in the business at any stage. The explicit cost represents the out flows of cash in clear and obvious terms. When any out flow of credit occurs in a business
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Behavior * Economic man * Primarily rational 合理的 * Complete knowledge * Needs defined清晰的 * Estimate satisfy action判断令人满意的行为 * Maslow马斯洛 * Physiological 85%生理学上的 * Safety 70% * Social 50% * Esteem 40%尊敬 * Self actualization 10%自我实现 * High evolvement decisions * Low evolvement decisions * Engle-Kollat-Blackwell (EKB) * Mentalist心灵主义者 -exposure揭露‚ attention‚ comprehension理解‚ acceptance‚ retention保留 -stored information personality‚ attitudes
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Biyani’s Think Tank Concept based notes Cost Accounting [ B.Com. Part-II] B.N. Gaur MBA‚ PGDBM‚ Lecturer Deptt. of Commerce & Management Biyani Girls College‚ Jaipur Fore more detail:- http://www.gurukpo.com Published by : Think Tanks Biyani Group of Colleges Concept & Copyright : ©Biyani Shikshan Samiti Sector-3‚ Vidhyadhar Nagar‚ Jaipur-302 023 (Rajasthan) Ph : 0141-2338371‚ 2338591-95 • Fax : 0141-2338007 E-mail : acad@biyanicolleges.org Website :www.gurukpo.com; www
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10/12/04 4:49 PM Page 259 8 C H A P T E R COST CURVES 8.1 LONG-RUN COST CURVES APPLICATION 8.1 The Long Run Cost of Trucking APPLICATION 8.2 The Costs of Higher Education APPLICATION 8.3 Economies of Scale in Refining Alumina? APPLICATION 8.4 Hospitals Are Businesses Too APPLICATION 8.5 Tracking Railroad Costs APPLICATION 8.6 Economies of Scope for the 8.2 S H O RT- R U N C O ST C U RV E S 8.3 SPECIAL TOPICS IN COST Swoosh Experience Reduces Costs of Computer Chips APPLICATION 8.7 8.4
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MMAC: A Mobility-Adaptive‚ Collision-Free MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks Muneeb Ali‚ Tashfeen Suleman‚ and Zartash Afzal Uzmi Computer Science Department‚ LUMS {muneeb‚tashfeens‚zartash}@lums.edu.pk Abstract Mobility in wireless sensor networks poses unique challenges to the medium access control (MAC) protocol design. Previous MAC protocols for sensor networks assume static sensor nodes and focus on energyefficiency. In this paper‚ we present a mobilityadaptive‚ collision-free medium
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