Campbell’s Biology‚ 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 5 The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules In Chapter 5‚ the principles of chemistry covered in earlier chapters are applied to the understanding of biological polymers and lipid membranes. The emphasis is on properly linking monomers and their polymers‚ and on the structural and functional diversity of the different polymer types. Particular attention is given to protein structure‚ because this is central to understanding subsequent
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Modeling Molecules Introduction: You can represent a molecule two-dimensionally‚ as a structural formula or electron dot structure. Although such models are useful in certain contexts‚ they do not accurately represent bond angles between atoms or shapes of molecules. In this activity‚ you will construct three-dimensional models of several molecules. You will use electron dot structures and structural formulas to inform how you construct the three-dimensional models. Materials: jelly beans
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BIOLOGY LABORATORY Biologically Important Molecules Carbohydrates‚ Proteins‚ Lipids‚ and Nucleic Acids Objectives In this lab you will learn to: 1. Perform tests to detect the presence of carbohydrates‚ lipids‚ proteins‚ and nucleic acids 2. Recognize the importance of a control in a biochemical test 3. Use biochemical tests to identify an unknown compound Introduction Organic molecules are those primarily made up of carbon‚ hydrogen and oxygen. The common organic compounds of living
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molecule of water A chemist’s view of the world is not as narrow as one might think! Yes‚ we start with the atom‚ and then go on to the rules governing the kinds of structural units that can be made from them. We are taught early on to predict the properties of bulk matter from these geometric arrangements. And then we come to H2O‚ and are shocked to find that many of these predictions are way off‚ and that water (and by implication‚ life itself) should not even exist on our planet! But we soon
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Biology‚ Biological Molecules Revision Notes Distinguish between monomers and polymers: Monomers- Identical small molecules. Polymers- Chainlike molecules formed from the linking together of many similar. Distinguish between monosaccharides‚ disaccharides‚ and polysaccharides: Monosaccharides- Simple sugars; sugar molecules may be enantiomers due due to the spatial arrangement of parts around asymmetric carbons; raw material for synthesis of other organic molecules. Disaccharides- Two
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important to understand and examine the water molecule in order to ascertain how it brought about Earth’s thriving ecosystem and how important it is for us today. Water is a strong solvent‚ it’s a very unique molecule that can breaks and reforms constantly. Each water molecule consists acid What is acid rain? Acid rain is the term for pollution caused ... of one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms. The oxygen atom also called the "apex of the water molecule" bears a slight electronegative charge while
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LAB EXERCISE: Diffusion and Osmosis Laboratory Objectives After completing this lab topic‚ you should be able to: 1. Describe the mechanism of diffusion at the molecular level. 2. List several factors that influence the rate of diffusion. 3. Explain why diffusion is important to cells. 4. Describe a selectively permeable membrane‚ and explain its role in osmosis. 5. Define hypotonic‚ hypertonic‚ and isotonic in terms of relative concentrations of osmotically active substances. 6. Discuss
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macromolecules‚ as they are very large molecules composed of thousands of atoms or more. The map then divides into the four biomolecules. Carbohydrates are composed of monosaccharides‚ disaccharides‚ and polysaccharides. Proteins are made of amino acids‚ which are themselves made of polypeptides and peptide bonds. They also form the enzyme-substrate complex‚ which is made out of an enzyme‚ a substrate‚ and an active site. Lipids are made of fatty acids‚ which can be either saturated or unsaturated
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Hailie Armstrong Ms. Gorges U4 L8 Chemistry 11/19/14 Modeling Molecules Introduction: You can represent a molecule two-dimensionally‚ as a structural formula or electron dot structure. Although such models are useful in certain contexts‚ they do not accurately represent bond angles between atoms or shapes of molecules. In this activity‚ you will construct three-dimensional models of several molecules. You will use electron dot structures and structural formulas to inform how you construct the
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Regulation in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Gene regulation is important for all cells to be able to control gene repression and the amount of proteins produced by those genes. It helps to make sure the cell uses resources efficiently and express the right genes under the right conditions. Gene regulation can be found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The methods of regulation differ between the two groups. Prokaryotic regulation mostly occurs by enzymes interacting with DNA and the gene of
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