Chapter 1 Introduction to Capital Market 1. Capital Market Capital markets are financial markets for the buying and selling of long-term debt- or equity-backed securities over one year is traded. Security includes- shares‚ debentures‚ bonds etc. A key division within the capital markets is between the primary markets and secondary markets. In primary markets‚ new stock or bond issues are sold to investors‚ often via a mechanism known as underwriting. The main entities seeking to raise
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of Bonds Fixed rate bonds have a coupon that remains constant throughout the life of the bond. A variation are stepped-coupon bonds‚ whose coupon increases during the life of the bond. Zero-coupon bonds (zeros) pay no regular interest. They are issued at a substantial discount to par value‚ so that the interest is effectively rolled up to maturity (and usually taxed as such). The bondholder receives the full principal amount on the redemption date. High-yield bonds (junk bonds) are bonds that
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ijokl Interest Rates and Required Returns As noted in Chapter 2‚ financial institutions and markets create the mechanism through which funds flow between savers (funds suppliers) and borrowers (funds demanders). All else being equal‚ savers would like to earn as much interest as possible‚ and borrowers would like to pay as little as possible. The interest rate prevailing in the market at any given time reflects the equilibrium between savers and borrowers. INTEREST RATE FUNDAMENTALS The
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advantages and disadvantages of CAT bonds compared to (re)insurance from the perspective of the party seeking protection. The first main advantage of CAT bond compared to reinsurance‚ in terms of the party seeking protection‚ the Sponsor‚Munich Re in our case‚ is that CAT bond ‚which is Queen Street II Captial Ltd in our case ‚allows the Munich Re to transfer the catastrophe risks (North Atlantic U.S.hurricane and European windstorms) to the CAT bond investors via SPRV‚ Queen Street II Capital Ltd
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stocks and bonds which can be a sign of the company’s financial standing in a market. Since investors are risk averse and they would not like to put their money on stocks and bonds of a struggling company‚ but they would like to put their money on stocks and bonds of a stable and a progressing company. Investors benefit from company’s profit in the form of dividend when they buy a company’s stocks and investors can get higher or lower yield based on the bonds. This is the rationale behind bonds’ and stocks’
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Practice Bond Valuation Problems SOLUTIONS 1. Calculate the current price of a $1‚000 par value bond that has a coupon rate of 6% p.a.‚ pays coupon interest annually‚ has 14 years remaining to maturity‚ and has a yield to maturity of 8 percent. PMT = 60; FV = 1000; N = 14; I = 8; CPT PV = 835.12 2. You intend to purchase a 10-year‚ $1‚000 par value bond that pays interest of $60 every six months. If the yield to maturity is 10% with semiannual compounding‚ how much should you be willing to pay
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VALUATION AND MANAGEMENT OF BONDS All Rights Reserved © Oxford University Press‚ 2011 2 CONTENTS Introduction Features of the bond Face Value l Coupon Rate Periodicity of coupon payments Maturity Redemption Value Fixed and Floating Rate Bonds Indexed Bonds Callable & Puttable Bonds C ll bl & P tt bl B d Zero Coupon and Deep Discount Bonds Convertible Bonds CHAPTER 6 Types of Bonds Types of Bonds Cash Flow of the bond VALUATION & MANAGEMENT OF BONDS 3
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FINAL EXAMINATION: BUSINESS 312 Instructions: This examination is open book and open notes. Time limit is exactly 3 hours‚ no extensions. Return this question sheet with your answers. 1. (10 marks) Consider two firms that are identical other than their share prices‚ their dividend growth rate‚ and their rates of return on equity. Which of these two firms has the greater dividend yield? Explain. Use no numerical examples in your answer. 2. (10 marks) A public firm is considering
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The value of performance related pay Currently‚ many companies are utilizing the performance related pay (PRP) scheme. The PRP is often regarded as an effective method to achieve a better performance in both individual and collective terms. In the study of Cutler and Waine (1999)‚ PRP affords employees with opportunities to increase return after the performance appraisal. It is quite different with certain salary schemes‚ such as those offering an automatic increase in pay but despite employees’
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all of the initial capital of the corporation including a large segment of the future capital comes from the sale of stock. Stock Financing * Refers to the procurement of corporate funds through the sale of shares of stocks to prospective investors * It is a method of financing by increasing the equity capital. Major Classification of Stocks Authorized capital stock‚ capital; and capitalization Authorized capital stock- is the total amount of stocks of all classes authorized in the
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