Cristina Alzandua General Biology 1401 Dr. Erin Schuenzel February 13‚ 2014 Bacterial and Eukaryotic Cell Structures All organisms are composed of cells which are characteristically microscope in size. Cell size is limited by the efficiency of diffusion across the plasma membrane. A typical eukaryotic cell is 10 to 100 micrometers in diameter opposed to prokaryotic cells are 1 to 10 micrometers in diameter. Bacterial and Eukaryotic cells display different cell organization in their size and
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Study Guide 3/1/11 1. Describe the three parts of a nucleotide and how they bond to form a nucleotide. The three parts of a necleotide are a carbon sugar‚ a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base. The carbon sugars bond to the phosphate groups by covalent bonds while the nitrogenous base bonds with it’s compliment by hydrogen bonds. 2. Summarize the role of covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds in the structure of DNA. The role of covalent
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Chapter 12A—DNA and RNA MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. What did Griffith observe when he injected into mice a mixture of heat-killed disease-causing bacteria and live harmless bacteria? a. The disease-causing bacteria changed into harmless bacteria. b. The mice developed pneumonia. c. The harmless bacteria died. d. The mice were unaffected. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 288 2. Which of the following is a nucleotide found in DNA? a. ribose + phosphate group + thymine b. ribose + phosphate
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Allison hernandez Yañez Grupo 2 A0141117 3 September 2014 A) Why is Carbon important? What makes Carbon so unique? 1.-Because this element have four valence electrons B) What are macromolecules? What is a monomer? What is a polymer? What is polymerization? 2.- A macromolecule is a very large molecule commonly created by polymerization of smaller subunits. In biochemistry‚ the term is applied to the three conventional biopolymers (nucleic acids‚ proteins‚ and carbohydrates)‚as well as non-polymeric
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EXPRESSION DNA REPLICATION Produces all the proteins required by an organism Duplicates the chromosomes before cell division Transcription of DNA: RNA copy of a small section of a chromosome DNA copy of the entire chromosome Average size of a human gene: 104 – 105 nucleotide pairs Average size of human chromosome: 108 nucleotide pairs Translation of RNA: protein synthesis Occurs throughout interphase Transcription in nucleus; translation in cytoplasm Occurs during S phase Replication in nucleus
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I. How are gametes different from somatic cells? 1. Somatic Cells A. Body Cells i. Eyes‚ Liver‚ Spleen 2. Gametes A. Sex Cells i. Sperm‚ Eggs a. Sperm- Male Sex Cells b. Eggs- Female Sex Cells II. What do the terms haploid and diploid mean? 1. Haploid A. A cell only has one copy of each chromosome i. Somatic Cells 2. Diploid A. A cell has two copies of each chromosome i. Gametes III. What are homologous chromosomes? 1. Two chromosomes--one inherited
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data needed to make poly peptides‚then data in a nucleic acid is transferred to messenger RNA‚ which escapes the nucleus into a protein. According to the DNA and protein article DNA is used in many things but DNA is used to make pol-peptides. They are another word for proteins. When a cell makes a protein the direction are resembled from the part of an DNA. DNA strand and transcript combine to make RNA. RNA molecules carries the directions from the nucleus to ribosomes to make proteins. There are
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structure of the nuclear pore complex‚ The Annual Review of Biochemistry 2011‚ Hoelz A‚ Debler EW‚ Blobel G [3] - http://www.ibiblio.org/virtualcell/textbook/chapter3/nucs2.htm [4] – Frank Schluenzen et al‚ Structure of Functionally Active Small Ribosomal Subunit at 3.3A Resolution [5] - http://www.unitus.it/scienze/corsonew/lezione11.html [6] – Cell Biology‚ second edition. Thomas D. Pollard and William C. Earnshaw. Saunders Elsevier. [7] - http://biology.about.com/od/cellanatomy/ss/endoplasmic-reticulum
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abiotic origin: 13C. fixed proportion of C12 to 13C Preferential incorporation of 12 CO2 than 13 CO2 whether the bond is easier to break or active site more active than it needs to be- incorporates 12C more 16s rRNA: 1977 Carl Woese Carl Woese used phylogenetic taxonomy of 16s ribosomal RNA to begin to define Archaea as a separate domain of life from eukaryotes and bacteria. It is important to note that though Woese defined the archaea in 1977 they would not be accepted as a separate domain of
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the use of messenger RNA (mRNA). Messenger RNA is a transcribed DNA segment that serves as a template for protein production. 1 Nucleolus The nucleolus is a round body located inside the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. It is not surrounded by a membrane‚ but sits in the nucleus. The nucleolus makes ribosomal subunits from proteins and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). It then sends the subunits out to the rest of the cell where they combine into complete ribosomes. Function: The nucleolus makes ribosomal subunits from proteins and ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
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