(a) Define the term equilibrium potential and use the Nernst equation (see Appendix) to show how the equilibrium potentials for both sodium and potassium are calculated. Equilibrium potential is the potential of the membrane when there is no net flow of ions from one gradient to the other gradient. The ions are equal and are opposite of each other but not moving from one side to the other. Sodium: Ena=2.303((8.31 J m-1 K-1)(310K))/((1(= 9.65 x 104 c m-1))(log(150/15))= 61.54 mV Ek=2.303((8
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Symbolism in George Orwell’s 1984 George Orwell truly demonstrates his literacy prowess and his mastery of rhetoric in his dystopian novel 1984 through his use of symbolism. There are numerous symbols present throughout the story which serve to expand the narrative. Some of the most effective implementations of symbolism in the novel directly relate to the story’s protagonist‚ Winston Smith. Orwell uses Winton’s varicose ulcer‚ the glass paperweight‚ songs and the rats as representations for Winton’s
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modern technological advancements seem to aid society’s pursuit for a brighter future‚ this short lived progress truly leads to a totalitarian dystopia. George Orwell’s 1984 warns of the dark future humanity constructs on dictatorial governments and a hive minded populace. Though some call Orwell’s depiction of the future melodramatic‚ 1984 proves constant government interferance and social judgment facilitated by technology force scientific censorship and individual isolation‚ provoking widespread depression
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oppressive societal control and the illusion of utopia is maintained through propaganda and indoctrination at the expense of altruistic human values. Fritz Lang’s expressionist‚ science-fiction film Metropolis (1927) and George Orwell’s dystopic novel 1984 (1949) both critique the imposition of conformity and excessive control in society‚ as well as caution against misguided scientific hubris‚ whilst highlighting the significance of the individual. Through the comparative study of these texts‚ responders
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language. One must have a knowledge of the texting vocabulary in order to have a complete comprehension of what is being communicated to them. When vocabulary is minimized‚ the ability to express and elaborate ideas are weakened. In Orwell’s novel‚ 1984‚ the language “Newspeak” can be compared to text messages as they both destroy words‚ reduce thoughts‚ and limit expression‚ thereby causing a loss in meaning. Orwell created a language
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1984 If the state or a man has absolute power over his citizens it has always been a mystery what the consequences are going to be. George Orwell shows us one of the dystopian results in his book 1984. He created in his book a world devastated by nuclear war and poverty‚ where the West has fallen under the spell of a totalitarian socialist dictator‚ Big Brother. A political demagogue and religious cult leader all rolled into one‚ Big Brother’s power is so strong that no one may know if he even
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Content Comes with Cooperation “Happiness can exist only in acceptance.” (George Orwell) In the novel 1984 by George Orwell‚ the main protagonists‚ Julia and Winston‚ are under constant surveillance during their private and professional lives‚ which ultimately leads to the destruction of their relationships with themselves and each other. The Party’s continuous watch over Winston and Julia’s lives affects their personal‚ professional and emotional lives. Government control over the population
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George Orwell’s 1984 features a society corrupted by government dictatorship. The protagonist Winston Smith goes through an internal conflict with recalling his childhood‚ as well as an external conflict with the Party [government]‚ illuminating the meaning of the novel as a whole. In the novel‚ Winston demonstrates how the freedom included in his earlier years continuously haunt him and lead him to commit crimes that eventually land him in prison where perpetual torture becomes a norm. Edward Said
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which is typically identified with good qualities. But what if that is not the case? What if our hero is a cowardly man with a varicose ulcer on his right ankle and is physically unfit? Meet Winston Smith‚ the main character in George Orwell’s book‚ “1984”. Winston is a member of the Outer Party‚ and is under the ruling of the Inner Party‚ living under a mask that he is a loyal follower of Big Brother as those who do not follow Big Brother are vaporized and are never to be seen again. No one has the
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