Introduction Motivation is a reason or set or reasons for engaging in a particular behavior‚ especially human behavior as studied in psychology and neuropsychology. The reasons may include basic needs (e.g.‚ food‚ water‚ shelter) or an object‚ goal‚ state of being‚ or ideal that is desirable‚ which may or may not be viewed as "positive‚" such as seeking a state of being in which pain is absent. The motivation for a behavior may also be attributed to less-apparent reasons such as altruism or morality
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OBJECT RELATIONS THEORIES AND SELF PSYCHOLOGY Object Relations and Self Psychology Object relations refers to interpersonal relations 2. Object refers to that which will satisfy a need. Significant person or thing that is target of another’s feelings (drives). 3. In combination with relations‚ object refers to interpersonal relations and suggests inner residues of past relations shaping present relations 4. Object relations theorists investigate the early formulation and differentiation
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Human relations‚ interactions and communication are the foundation of educational leadership. As with most businesses‚ the need for strong leadership and communication is more important than ever‚ especially because of the growing accountability of schools and school systems. In order to work well within the organizational environment of a school‚ superintendents‚ coaches‚ teachers‚ parents‚ community members and students must be able to communicate in a variety of effective modalities (Razik & Swanson
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(1) Herzberg’s Motivation Theory John O’ Donnell “Frederick Herzberg an American psychologist was convinced that the way work was being organised in organisations was not promoting welfare or happiness for their employees. In his research in the 1950s and 60s he set out to understand employee satisfaction and the effect of attitude on motivation. In Pittsburgh USA in 1959 Herzberg and his research team surveyed two
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INTRODUCTION The theories of international relations are the end results of good international relations and system in the world today‚ most of this theories are not well implemented in most countries which has resulted on conflicts among nations‚ political instabilities‚ secessions and all other political unrest. This essay will shed more light on the phases of international relations from the individual stage to the international stage. Firstly‚ this essay will explain what the theories of international
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Motivation is the willingness to exert high levels of effort to organizational goals‚ conditioned by the effort’s ability to satisfy some individual need. This need is the internal state that makes certain outcomes appear attractive. Motivation is also the process that account for an individual’s intensity‚ direction‚ and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal. The concept of motivation refers to internal factors that impel action and to external factors that can act as inducements to action
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PRINCIPLES OF HUMAN RELATIONS AUTHOR: NORMAN R.F. MAIER PUBLISHER: JOHN WILLY & SONS INC. The book under review deals with various aspects of human relations including training mechanism‚ discussion methods‚role playing‚ decision making‚supervision‚behavioural pattern etc.Human relations are one of the most complex yet the most important arena of any business organisation. The success of any business entity depends upon the way they develop their human resource. The book deals
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a) Try to compare and contrast the main ideas involved in ‘classical management theories’ and the main idea of ‘human relations school’? The classical theory of management is based on an emphasis on technical requirements of the organisation‚ common principles as well as hierarchy of management. The three classical management theories are: - the Scientific Management of F.Taylor‚ what concentrates on scientific analysis of work and “one best way’’ to do a job; - The Administrative Management
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Perspectives Introduction The employment relationship is the heart of any industrial relations system. It is the relationship between the employer and the employee. A successful employment relationship has always been the foundation of any successful business or organisation no matter how big or small. Variety of philosophers and writers of management have written a lot of theories relating to employment relationship. These theories have changed vastly from the classical era to the modern era‚ addressing issues
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Evaluate to what extent a) expectancy theory and b) goal theory can explain motivation at work. If questioned‚ most people who work would most likely say that they are working to earn money; however‚ this is not the single need that is contented by working. There are lengthy needs that will satisfy working. We all are different; we all have different reasons for working. There are some mutual reasons such as earning money; whereas‚ some reasons have more significance for some range of individuals
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