the value chain is referred to as horizontal integration. This form of expansion contrasts with vertical integration by which the firm expands into upstream or downstream activities. Horizontal growth can be achieved by internal expansion or by external expansion through mergers and acquisitions of firms offering similar products and services. A firm may diversify by growing horizontally into unrelated businesses. Some examples of horizontal integration include: * The Standard Oil
Premium Strategic management Mergers and acquisitions Marketing
Philippine Institute for Development Studies Surian sa mga Pag-aaral Pangkaunlaran ng Pilipinas Two Essays on Regional Economic Integration in East Asia Josef T. Yap DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES NO. 2004-12 The PIDS Discussion Paper Series constitutes studies that are preliminary and subject to further revisions. They are being circulated in a limited number of copies only for purposes of soliciting comments and suggestions for further refinements. The studies under the Series are unedited
Premium Inflation Monetary policy Macroeconomics
National integration is the awareness of a common identity amongst the citizens of a country. It means that though we belong to different castes‚ religions and regions and speak different languages we recognize the fact that we are all one. This kind of integration is very important in the building of a strong and prosperous nation. Unity in Diversity Unity in our country does not mean the kind of oneness that comes from racial and cultural similarity. It is unity in spite of great differences
Premium Buddhism Islam Jainism
Polar Coordinates Tangents with Polar Coordinates Area with Polar Coordinates Arc Length with Polar Coordinates Surface Area with Polar Coordinates Arc Length and Surface Area Revisited Introduction Sequences More on Sequences Series - The Basics Series - Convergence/Divergence Series - Special Series Integral Test Comparison Test/Limit Comparison Test Alternating Series Test Absolute Convergence Ratio Test Root Test
Premium Calculus Derivative
Is Sensory Integration Therapy Beneficial? Is Sensory Integration Therapy Beneficial? "Imagine driving a car that isn ’t working well. When you step on the gas‚ the car sometimes lurches forward and sometimes does not respond. When you blow the horn‚ it sounds blaring. The brakes sometimes slow the car‚ but not always. The blinkers work occasionally‚ the steering is erratic‚ and the speedometer is inaccurate. You are engaged in a constant struggle to keep the car on the
Premium Sensory integration
and become non- existent. The national integration is the process of uniting different people from all walks of life into a single whole. The most serious problem being faced by India in present circumstances is‚ how to develop an atmosphere of national consciousness among so varied a people. Indians already have suffered for long periods‚ the pangs of enslavement and servitude. It is India in the whole world which has to suffer under foreign rulers for more than seven hundred years. The separatist
Premium India Ravi Shankar
Why ASEAN is not successful as other integration Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Once hailed as perhaps the most successful example of regional organization in the developing world‚ ASEAN is now widely perceived to be in decline and ineffective. ASEAN‚ Association of Southeast Asian Nations‚ was founded in August 1967 to fight with an overwhelming threat of communism in Southeast Asia. The founding members were Thailand‚ Singapore‚ Malaysia‚ Philippines‚ and Indonesia. Since the Vietnam
Premium European Union International trade Economic integration
Contents Page Summary 2 Introduction 2 Section 1 3 Section 2 4 Section 3 5 Section 4 6 Section 5 7 Section 6 8 Section 7 9 Section 8 9 Section 9 10 Section 10 10 Section 11 11 Conclusion 11 References 13 Appendices 14 Summary In this report‚ as a member of the government of the nation on the periphery of Europe currently‚ I will recommend 11 issues related to the free trade‚ the balance of payment‚ single currency and etc. And I will give every of them my understanding and analysis
Premium International trade International economics Balance of payments
Introduction In the field of financial securities‚ the integration concept has now become a crowding issue. Because due to the vast introduction of various securities the people are becoming‚ specially the investors and issuer of different securities‚ confused with various securities. They want all those items in a single place. Not only this‚ if the integration can be done in a real sense‚ there are variety of advantages with lower cost of dealing with those items. But to drive with those advantages
Premium Financial markets Financial market Bond
difficult condition? The intentions why many Americans choose not to take benefit of their freedom of speech still remains secrecy. William F. Buckley Jr. in his essay “Why Don’t We Complain?” attempts to influence his audience that they are cautious to speak up when faced with circumstances which demands our attention. This essay addresses what he feels to be an important issue in today’s contemporary American society. Why are we so afraid to speak up when we have a problem? Though consideration
Premium Ethics Psychology Management