Consigning the Twentieth Century to History: Alternative Narratives for the Modern Era Author(s): Charles S. Maier Source: The American Historical Review‚ Vol. 105‚ No. 3 (Jun.‚ 2000)‚ pp. 807-831 Published by: Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Historical Association Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2651811 . Accessed: 23/07/2013 08:28 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use‚ available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms
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another twentieth-century radical utopian discourse‚ offering a way to control the state‚ run society‚ and give the Muslim community a sense of unity. Islamism is by now a powerful force. It runs governments in Iran‚ Sudan‚ and Afghanistan. It is an important force of opposition in Algeria‚ Egypt‚ Turkey‚ Lebanon‚ and the Palestinian authority. The paper at hand is going to analyze what conditions and events allowed for the rise of Islamism as an ideology in the later 20th century? The first part
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During the time period of the twentieth century in Europe and the Middle East there were significant changes occurring in major forced migration movements such as Muslims during the Balkan Wars and many Jews during World War II. ‘Superpower’s’ (or successful dominant European countries) citizens never migrating away from their homeland remained constant. While many of the migrations that occurred during this time were forced‚ before they actually occurred‚ many of those belonging to the group that
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was also known as Romanticism. In the 19th century‚ the French revolution fostered the rise of a middle-class or society. The slogan of the French revolution was “liberty‚ equality‚ fraternity” and that inspired hopes and visions to which artists responded with zeal. Romantic period started to abandon the conservative ideas and turned to passion. During this period‚ romantic poets and artists turned to passionate and fanciful subjects. The nineteenth century novel explored deep human conflicts and exotic
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Most scientists in the 1900s were worried about the earth only because they thought it looked too beautiful to destroy‚ however scientists created a new science that will help preserve nature and the earth. Ecology teaches that the damage done to forests‚ the extinction of animals and the toxic wastes in the water and oceans were not just coincidental but were man-made mistakes. Aldo Leopold a scientist that argued that ecology was not something to be taken lightly but it is a solution to a serious
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Modernism Course: ISLAMIC WORLDVIEW Code: UNGS 2030 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and for all‚ we would like to express our deepest gratitude to Allah S.W.T. for giving us the strength and health to complete this assignment in time. Not to forget our beloved lecturer Bro Razak‚ who has the attitude and the substance of a genius: he continually and convincingly conveyed a spirit of adventure in regard to teaching us this subject. Without his guidance‚ this assignment would not have been possible
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Postmodernism is a flexible term that can cover a wide range of art forms. Critical theorists use Postmodernism to refer to a point of deviation for works of literature‚ drama‚ architecture‚ cinema and design. Originally‚ Postmodernism was a reaction to modernism. Malcolm Barnard explains “where modernity conceived of the object in terms of production‚ Post modernity conceives of it in terms of consumption”. This means that all forms of art are made with the sole purpose of being ‘consumed’ and with a main
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Concept Paper of Pluralism Yue Zhang George Washington University (TA: Joey Wachtel) Pluralism in contemporary academic field implies multiple meanings. One interpretation of pluralism is "the idea‚ classically formulated by Isaiah Berlin‚ that there is a plurality of distinct or ’incommensurable’ values or goods" (Crowder‚ 2010). The word ’incommensurable’ here means‚ in short‚ incomparable. This is because pluralism believes in multiple values‚
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In the early part of the 20th century‚ employee compensation was minimal to nonexistent. With a few exceptions most employees were only rewarded in respect of the hours they worked. Any other kind of compensation that had to do with old age‚ poor health or death was entirely left to the hands of the employee or his family. Vacations if allowed at all were without pay. In 1940 and 1950 we can notice an increase in the acceptance and usage of employee benefits as a form of reward in addition to direct
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Computers The Most helpful 20th Century Invention “I think it’s fair to say that personal computers have become the most useful empowering too; we’ve every created. They’re tools of communication‚ they’re tools of creativity‚ and they can be shaped by their user”. – Bill Gates Who can live without a personal computer in the 21th century? The computer as the most wondrous technological invention of the 20th century since the beginning of human era we have always tried to obtain machines to
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