The CELL THEORY‚ or cell doctrine‚ states that all organisms are composed of similar units of organization‚ called cells. The concept was formally articulated in 1839 by Schleiden & Schwann and has remained as the foundation of modern biology. The idea predates other great paradigms of biology including Darwin’s theory of evolution (1859)‚ Mendel’s laws of inheritance (1865)‚ and the establishment of comparative biochemistry (1940). Ultrastructural research and modern molecular biology have
Premium Cell Bacteria
society. Equity theory is social justice theory‚ designed by Adams in 1963. It claims that individuals review the inputs and outcomes of themselves and others‚ and in situations of inequity‚ experience greater cognitive dissonance than individuals in equitable situations. This kind of equity is perceived as social justice in society (or company‚ or any other environment that involves individuals). Equity theory draws from exchange‚ dissonance‚ and social comparison theories in making predictions
Premium Perception Reward system Justice
Leadership Theory and Administrative Behavior: The Problem of Authority Author(s): Warren G. Bennis Reviewed work(s): Source: Administrative Science Quarterly‚ Vol. 4‚ No. 3 (Dec.‚ 1959)‚ pp. 259-301 Published by: Johnson Graduate School of Management‚ Cornell University Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2390911 . Accessed: 03/04/2012 22:56 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use‚ available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms
Premium Leadership Organizational studies
1.0 THEORY X1.1 THEORY X ASSUMPTIONS | 2-3 | 2 | 2.0 THEORY Y2.1 THEORY Y ASSUMPTIONS | 4-5 | 3 | 3.0 BIG FIVE PERSONALITY TRAITS-OPENNESS-EXTRAVERSION-NEUROTICISM-CAREFULNESS-SOCIABILITY | 6-11 | 1.0 THEORY X What is theory X? The “Theory X” management theory holds that the average employee has little ambition‚ dislikes work and must be coerced‚ controlled and directed to achieve organizational objectives. Those in management who believe the behavioral assumption of “Theory X” take
Premium Big Five personality traits Personality psychology Trait theory
Theory X and Theory Y represent two sets of assumptions about human nature and human behavior that are relevant to the practice of management. Theory X represents a negative view of human nature that assumes individuals generally dislike work‚ are irresponsible‚ and require close supervision to do their jobs. Theory Y denotes a positive view of human nature and assumes individuals are generally industrious‚ creative‚ and able to assume responsibility and exercise self-control in their jobs. One would
Premium Management Maslow's hierarchy of needs
The Coherence Theory of Truth First published Tue Sep 3‚ 1996; substantive revision Tue Sep 9‚ 2008 A coherence theory of truth states that the truth of any (true) proposition consists in its coherence with some specified set of propositions. The coherence theory differs from its principal competitor‚ the correspondence theory of truth‚ in two essential respects. The competing theories give conflicting accounts of the relation between propositions and their truth conditions. (In this article‚ ‘proposition’
Premium Truth
Arlene Serna Striegl AP World History Block 2 5 November 2013 Word Count 650 Unit 3 Essay 3: Continuity and Change between 600 to 1450 CE. Between 600 and 1450 CE.‚ trade and exchange continually remained important and influential in around Eurasia and as well as in the Mexica society. Trade and exchange were main ideas that were both useful and necessary for success during this time. In Eurasia the use of the Silk Road and the Indian Ocean were both used as important trade routes. The
Premium Silk Road Asia Aztec
In today’s society work is most likely to be associated with paid work. We always tell people about our paid employment‚ the work where we receive a regular income. So the work we do can play a role in defining our identity and how we see our self. Your employment can also play a major role in terms of; determining a person’s level of income‚ defining a person’s status‚ social class and a person’s Life chances. For example those in upper class enjoy greater life chances than those in working class
Premium Sociology Industrial Revolution Capitalism
Theory X‚ Theory Y by Douglas McGregor is a motivation theory. Douglas McGregor is a social psychologist and applied two sets of assumptions to the organizational structure called Theory X and Theory Y. His theory is based on managerial views of human beings. In his book‚ The Human Side of Enterprise‚ he outlined a new role for managers. He stated that managers should assist subordinates in reaching their full potential‚ rather than commanding and controlling. Theory X is negative and Theory Y can
Premium Management Motivation Organization
SYSTEMS THEORY Whitchurch‚ G. G.‚ & Constantine‚ L. L. (1993). Systems theory. In P. G. Boss‚ W. J. Doherty‚ R. LaRossa‚ W. R. Schumm‚ & S. K. Steinmetz (Eds.)‚ Sourcebook of family theories and methods: A contextual approach (pp. 325-352). New York: Plenum Press. Three Distinct But Closely Interrelated Theoretical Legacies Information theory: focuses on the reduction of uncertainty which is achieved by the acquisition of information. Cybernetics: a science of communication concerned
Premium Cybernetics Systems theory