theories on capital structure: By way of a conventional start‚ perhaps it would be worth our while to look at what "capital structure" actually means. In broad terms‚ it is essentially the firms ’ mix of debt and equity but it would be wrong to assume that this is all there is to it. These two terms belie the complexity that lies beneath‚ from the viewpoint of the decisions that any firm must take - that is to say‚ what kind of debt and which type of equity. Capital structuring would then‚ deal
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Influence of Capital Structure on Leverage of Cement Sector in Pakistan CONTACT NUMBERS: ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all we would like to thank Allah Almighty for granting us the capability and courage to work on this report with my best efforts‚ and for the patience and perseverance endowed by Him. We would also like to thank Mr. H. JAMAL ZUBAIRI for giving us the chance to work on this report and for his guidance‚ advice and examples during regular sessions which
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Intel’s capital structure dilemma? What arguments might be made in favor of it? Intel’s capital structure dilemma was that it was holding too much cash on hand. Eventually‚ there were three available strategies or alternatives that Intel could undertake in terms of cash disbursement policies. First‚ it could continue or expand its market-repurchase program. Secondly‚ Intel could declare dividends to its shareholders on existing stocks. The last strategy is to put together a package of two unique
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Financial Structure and International Debt ( Questions 1. Objective. What‚ in simple wording‚ is the objective sought by finding an optimal capital structure? When taxes and bankruptcy costs are considered‚ a firm has an optimal financial structure determined by that particular mix of debt and equity that minimizes the firm’s cost of capital for a given level of business risk. If the business risk of new projects differs from the risk of existing projects‚ the optimal mix of debt and equity
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American Finance Association Market Timing and Capital Structure Author(s): Malcolm Baker and Jeffrey Wurgler Source: The Journal of Finance‚ Vol. 57‚ No. 1 (Feb.‚ 2002)‚ pp. 1-32 Published by: Wiley for the American Finance Association Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2697832 . Accessed: 08/09/2013 22:22 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use‚ available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a
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Introduction and Background Diageo was formed in 1997 through the merger of two consumer product companies Grand Metropolitan plc and Guinness plc under the strategy of reducing costs through marketing synergies‚ cutting overhead expenses and increasing production and purchasing efficiencies. The new merger wanted to concentrate solely on the beverage alcohol business‚ so it sold its packaged foods (Pillsbury) and fast food (Burger King) businesses. While the mandate for Managing for Value came
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The most important explanation of IPOs underpricing are information asymmetry model proposed by Akerlof (1970). It is based on the discrepancy of the information between‚ investors‚ underwriters and issuers. When enterprises go public by issuing shares in stock market‚ the closing stock price on the first-trading day will reflect whether the investors think the shares worth or not. Adequate and sufficient information is required for each party to decide on the IPOs pricing as to meet their own financial
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Capital Structure Decisions: Which Factors are Reliably Important? Murray Z. Frank1 and Vidhan K. Goyal2 First draft: March 14‚ 2003. Current draft: December 20‚ 2003. ABSTRACT This paper examines the relative importance of 38 factors in the leverage decisions of publicly traded U.S. firms from 1950 to 2000. The most reliable factors are median industry leverage (+ effect on leverage)‚ market-to-book ratio (-)‚ collateral (+)‚ bankruptcy risk as measured by Altman’s Z-Score (-)‚ dividend-paying
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summarizes the capital structure of Verizon; it is obvious that company is increasingly depending on debt to finance its overall operations. This approach can be attributed to its deal with Vodafone to obtain the 45% stake in Verizon’s using the low interest rate offer to fund this acquisition. Verizon financed this deal by 50:50 split of cash and stock. Verizon’s debt level could have negative impact on it operations as the firm will have to utilize its cash flow from its operations to pay its debt which
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What is “American Pie?” During the early to 1970s to modern times songwriters such Don McLean has released nearly 40 gold and platinum records. Of all McLean’s music his most memorable album would be American Pie. In the American Pie album McLean wrote his most famous song “American Pie” which he dedicated it to one of his greatest influences Buddy Holly. Buddy Holly was a particular influence on Don McLean and was one of the biggest explanations why he decided to write “American Pie.” This legendary
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