HISTORY OF FIBER OPTICS * In 1840‚ Daniel Colladon and Jacques Babinet demonstrated the principle of guiding light by refraction. * It was followed by a public demonstration by John Tyndal in 1852. In 1870‚ Tyndal wrote about the property of total internal reflection in his book about the nature of light. * In 1880‚ Alexander Graham Bell and Sumner Tainter invented the Photophone‚ a device capable of transmitting sound waves over beam of light. This is considered as mankind’s first attempt
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------------------------------------------------- Case Study: 3M Q: Can other Companies just copy 3M’s structures and culture and become successful innovators also? 3M’s organizational structure is built around cultures that encourage innovation. From this angle‚ the company was able to develop 6 business strategies to promote entrepreneurship and increase customer satisfaction. For decades‚ 3M has been known as an entrepreneurial organization that pursues growth through innovation. Innovation
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PC1222 Fundamentals of Physics II Tutorial 8 1. Refraction of Light I. When a man stands near the edge of an empty drainage ditch of depth 2.80 m‚ he can barely see the boundary between the opposite wall and bottom of the ditch as shown. The distance from his eyes to the ground is 1.85 m. (a) What is the horizontal distance d from the man to the edge of the drainage ditch? (b) After the drainage ditch is filled with water as shown‚ what is the maximum distance x the man can stand from the edge
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Strength : 1) Since 3M Co. holds its consistency in the industry for 80 years of operation‚ rendering good qualities of their products and services satisfying the needs of their customers and clients. 2) Taking risk in expanding of subsidiaries in the global market. Recruiting thousands of employees to be part of the company. Weaknesses: 1) No formal organizational chart was formulated in company. 2) Not advisable to put a word “ AUTONOMOUS” which is subject to its own laws or regulation only
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what extent is 3M justifiably highlighted as the ‘innovating machine’? Answer: This case study has highlighted some of the key activities and principles that contribute to 3M’s performance. Many of these are not new and are indeed used by other companies. However‚ in 3M’s case they may be summarized as an effective company culture that nurtures innovation and a range of management techniques and strategies that together have delivered long-term success. There is evidence that 3M supports these
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Executive Summary 3M Singapore controls many market leading brands in their various markets‚ such as Post-It®‚ Scotch® Tapes‚ Scotch-Brite® and Command™. In this report‚ we will be focusing on the brand – Command™. We aim to address the problem of the erosion of Command™’s competitive advantage in its increasingly competitive industry by providing improved/new BTL strategies which Command can undertake. Based on our survey‚ there are 2 interesting findings which we aim to tackle through our recommendations
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50‚000 Products but 3M Still Searching for Growth According to Mr. Thulin‚ 3M’s CEO‚ “.‚ is trying to maintain 3M’s reliable profitablitly while giving sales growth a bit more zip.” 3M has a vast product line already so in order for Thulin to increase profit even more he is going to have to be innovative and come up with several strategic plans. On the business side‚ he is going to have to see what products are not reaching the target sales growth and maybe sell them off to another company and
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specialization in tapes and adhesives are 50%-60% division turnover and abrasives are 40%-50% ■ Access to experience and knowledge pool of the worldwide organization and profiting from close connection in the marketing strategies of over 50 divisions in 3M ■ Natural fit with the culture of the Special and Niche categories ■ Groomed employees grow and develop to become product experts Weakness ■ IBD had not concentrated on the MRO segment because it was fragmented with slight brand loyalty ■ Sales
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3M CASE STUDY Q1) Conservative Approach: Three Product Concepts * Mandate from management * Should not risk new process; Dunlop may use “revolution” against new method * Need to validate method at least once before basing major strategic decisions on it. * Not enough data yet to make such a drastic recommendation * Three concepts appear very promising and are enough of a “success” already. Radical Approach: New Business Unit Strategy * Team was charged with finding breakthroughs;
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Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 History of Free Space Optics Even though fibre-optic communications gained worldwide acceptance in the telecommunication industry‚ FSO communications is still considered relatively new. But optical communication‚ in various forms‚ has been used for thousands of years. The Ancient Greeks polished their shields to send signals during battle. In the modern era‚ semaphores and wireless solar telegraphs called heliographs were developed‚ using coded signals to communicate
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