Preparation of 4-bromoaniline Introduction Aromatic compounds tend to undergo electrophilic aromatic substitutions rather than addition reactions. Substitution of a new group for a hydrogen atom takes place via a resonance-stabilized carbocation. As the benzene ring is quite electron-rich‚ it almost always behaves as a nucleophile in a reaction which means the substitution on benzene occurs by the addition of an electrophile. Substituted benzenes tend to react at predictable positions. Alkyl groups
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That is‚ the entering group does not for the most part have the same position on the ring as that purged by the halogen substituent. Case in point‚ the hydrolysis of 4-chloromethylbenzene at 340° gives an equimolar mix of 3-and 4-methylbenzenols: Significantly all the more striking is the elite development of 3-methoxybenzenamine in the amination of 2-chloromethoxybenzene. Notice that this outcome is an infringement of the standard of
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EXP-10 CHEM 233L SYNTHESIS OF p-BROMOANILINE Introduction: In this experiment‚ p-bromoaniline was synthesized in three steps starting from aniline. Since the amino group of aniline is a strong activator of aromatic ring‚ direct bromination is impractical (equation 1). In order to make a desired product‚ amino group needed to be protected as the acetamide which also maintained ortho and para position but slowed down the rate of reaction (equation 2). Slow reaction rate would increase
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HYDROLYSIS OF ESTERS Anhydrous alkanoic acids react with alcohols in the presence of heated sulphuric acid (H2SO4) to form an ester and water. This process is known as esterification. This can be represented by the equation: Alkanoic acid + Alcohol (means reversible eq) ester + water Esters occur naturally in fruits and flowers and are described as oily‚ sweet smelling liquids. Vegetable oils and animal fats are esters of long-chain acids. Esters can undergo a range of reactions and
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application of all language rules to aspects which do not require those rules Reconstructive memory – the act of remembering is influenced by various other cognitive processes Schema – a predetermined mental representation of a certain idea or concept 4. Egocentrism – “Today I went to the fire station and I learned all about the things that firefighters do. The teacher yelled at me and said I was too loud but I was talking in my outside voice because we were outside. I don’t know why she yelled at
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your first draft and your final draft. Step 2: Select the paragraph with the most revisions and edits between the first and final drafts. Step 3: Follow the instructions in the boxes below. Box 1 Copy and paste the paragraph you selected in Step 2 from your first draft. Furthermore you dont think that people getting literally addicted to sugar like its morphine or heroin is a bad thing then you obviously have biast oppinion on the subject. The approach that is being taken may have a few flaws
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Management Agency (FEMA) in order to coordinate responses to disasters in the U.S. at a faster rate than local and state authority could. To this day‚ FEMA is fully committed to helping areas in disaster crises. Who benefits from FEMA and how? Disaster victims benefit from FEMA because the program provides these victims with supplies the do not have access to such as food and water‚ toiletries‚ and power. What is the Yearly Cost to the American Taxpayer? The yearly cost to the American Taxpayer
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honorable or shameful. 2. Outline Aristotle’s degrees of wrongdoing in terms of the seven causes of people’s actions. (33 points) Vice is the opposite of virtue and developed through life. Habit is one of the causes of Vice. Its unthinking action comes from them doing it all their life and not having to think about it. Incontinence is doing the wrong thing and knowing that you are doing it. That is why reasoning is a cause that correlates with incontinence. Appetite can also be a cause for incontinence
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4.03 The Decision Judicial Opinion Template Instructions: Replace the information in parentheses with your own work according to the assessment instructions. Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier I‚ Richard Enerson‚ write this opinion to support the majority opinion on the case of Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier. I am in support of the majority opinion because I firmly believe the principal was not violating the student’s first amendment rights by censoring the articles. While students do have the right to speech‚ it should
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Boiling Point Elevation 4-4 Boiling Point Elevation If you dissolve a substance such as ordinary table salt (NaCl) in water‚ the boiling point of the water will increase relative to the boiling point of the pure water. In this assignment‚ you will dissolve a sample of NaCl in water and then measure the boiling point elevation for the solution. 1. Start Virtual ChemLab and select Boiling Point Elevation from the list of assignments. The lab will open in the Calorimetry laboratory with a calorimeter
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