As one of the four principles of individual decision making‚ in the process of choosing one option‚ item‚ good‚ or service over another‚ opportunity cost is the value of what is foregone in order to have the alternative option. More simply‚ the opportunity cost of an item is the benefits you could have received by taking an alternative action. Every decision that involves a choice between two or more options has an opportunity cost. Opportunity costs are not limited to fiscal or monetary costs‚ the
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COST CLASSIFICATION CONCEPT OF COST: DEFINITION: A SACRIFICE OR GIVING UP OF RESOURCES FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE FREQUENTLY MEASURED BY THE MONETARY UNITS (RUPEES‚ DOLLARS) THAT MUST BE PAID FOR GOODS AND SERVICES . ➢ EMPHASIS ON COST INFORMATION: MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTANTS PAY A LOT OF ATTENTION TO COSTS BECAUSE COST HAVE A VITAL ROLE TO PLAY IN PLANNING ‚ EVALUATING AND DECISION MAKING. FOR EXAMPLE IN PLANNING THE ROUTE AND FLIGHT SCHEDULES THE MANAGER OF AN AIR LINE MUST CONSIDER
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Cost Benefit Analysis A cost benefit analysis is done to determine how well‚ or how poorly‚ a planned action will turn out. Although a cost benefit analysis can be used for almost anything‚ it is most commonly done on financial questions. Since the cost benefit analysis relies on the addition of positive factors and the subtraction of negative ones to determine a net result‚ it is also known as running the numbers. A cost benefit analysis finds‚ quantifies‚ and adds all the positive factors. These
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indirect costs are allocated using only one or two cost pools. All or most costs are identified as output unit-level costs. Products make diverse demands on resources because of differences in volume‚ process steps‚ batch size‚ or complexity. Products that a company is well suited to make and sell show small profits while products for which a company is less suited show large profits. 9-5 (1) Identify the activities that consume resources and assign costs to them. (2) Identify the cost driver(s)
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the following is NOT a transformational process? a. collecting data b. analyzing data *c. performance reporting d. summarizing data 2. Which of the following is NOT a process associated with an accounting information system? *a. auditing existing data b. collecting and recording data c. providing information to users d. analyzing and managing data 3. In an accounting information system‚ the inputs are usually a. financial statements. b. analyzing data. c. performance
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loss of opportunity to buy a firm (premier Oil) b) There are much more than required levels of clearances that needs to be taken to acquire a company abroad. Application is reviewed by members of special committee of RBI‚ Finance and commerce ministries. Since three organizations are involved in the clearance process‚ it increases the time to take a concrete decision. It would have been better if there was a single window from where all required clearances could be taken. c) Indian
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Project managers must take cost estimates seriously if they want to complete software projects within budget constraints. After developing a good resource requirements list‚ project managers and their software development teams must develop several estimates of the costs for these resources. There are several different tools and techniques available for accomplishing good cost estimation. Software development project managers should prepare several types of cost estimates for most projects. Three
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different quality material from standard; Buying materials from a non‑usual source due to urgency; Utilising different labour from standard; Price changes due to economic conditions; scarcity of supplies; Choosing to incur additional discretionary fixed costs; More (or less) overtime hours used than budgeted. 2. Efficiency/usage/quantity variances: Standard is out of date‚ set without due care; Inefficient use of material/labour‚ deliberate or otherwise; Poor supervision/equipment/maintenance.Changes in
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COST ACCOUNTING M.ASAD ABBAS PAF KIET TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary ......................................................................................................3 Introduction .....................................................................................................................4 Costing Strategy of Vesta Apparel.............................................................................5 Full Cost of the Primary
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of per Unit Total Costs. The estimated unit costs for Hoteling Industries‚ when operating at a production and sales level of 10‚000 units‚ are as follows: Cost Item Estimated Unit Cost Direct materials $15 Direct labor 10 Variable factory overhead 8 Fixed factory overhead 5 Variable marketing 4 Fixed marketing 3 Required: (1) Identify the estimated conversion cost per unit. (2) Identify the estimated prime cost per unit. (3) Determine the estimated total variable cost per unit. (4) Compute
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